It is unclear whether advanced airway management such as endotracheal intubation or use of supraglottic airway devices in the prehospital setting improves outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared with conventional bag-valve-mask ventilation. To test the hypothesis that prehospital advanced airway management is associated with favorable outcome after adult OHCA. ...

Reducing ferromagnetic particle size is an important strategy to improve their positive effect on image through the suppression of their negative effect, demonstrated by ultrasmall manganese ferrite nanoparticles prepared from an environmentally-friendly aqueous route. These ultrasmall particles exhibit pronounced paramagnetic characteristics and nontoxicity, making them efficient T(1) -positive contrast agent ...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of constrained and unconstrained primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the management of the valgus deformity. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of patients with type II valgus knee who underwent primary TKA from 1999 to 2011. There were ...

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based guidelines for pediatric renal transplantation (Tx) are lacking. This may lead to unwanted treatment variations. We aimed to quantify the variation in treatment policies and its consequences in daily practice in 11 centers that provide renal Tx for children in three European countries. METHODS: We surveyed Tx policies ...

Human embryo implantation involves a complex network of molecular signaling that is modulated by endocrine and paracrine pathways. Here, we performed studies using a unique and recently developed three dimensional (3D) implantation model, characterized by an endometrium-like 3D culture system and Jar cells-derived spheroids mimicking the embryo/trophoblast. The aims were ...

Pediatric patients who received radiation therapy are at risk of developing side effects such as radiogenic second cancer. We compared proton and photon therapies in terms of the predicted risk of second cancers for a 4 year old medulloblastoma patient receiving craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Two CSI treatment plans with 23.4 ...

Sex selection, a gender discrimination of the worst kind, is highly prevalent across all strata of Indian society. Physicians have a crucial role in this practice and implementation of the Indian Government's Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act in 1996 to prevent the misuse of ultrasound techniques for the purpose of prenatal ...

We have developed gold(i)-catalyzed oxidative cyclopropanation of 1,6-enynes derived from propiolamides employing diphenyl sulfoxide as an oxidant. 1,6-Enynes having a terminal alkyne and a propiolamide tether efficiently transformed into cyclopropane carboxaldehyde derivatives.

The Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) has a high proportion of cone photoreceptors (≈30-40%) compared to that in the common laboratory mouse and rat (≈1-3%), and may prove a preferable murine model to study cone-driven information processing in retina and primary visual centers. However, other than regions involved in circadian ...

OBJECTIVE: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard against gram-negative microorganisms. Little has been written about the simultaneous influence that both time and concentration could have on antiplaque formation effectiveness of CHX. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of two different CHX concentrations ...

Further improvement of phase change memory devices based on Ge-Sb-Te alloys imposes the reduction of the active cell dimensions to the nanoscale. We investigate the atomic arrangement of Ge(1)Sb(2)Te(4) and Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) nanowires. We identify the stacking sequence in each crystal structure by combining the direct observation by High Angle Annular ...

Among the constituent cell types of the multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque, the astrocyte has been the least considered as a player in the pathogenesis of the lesion. Traditionally, it has been assigned a secondary scarring role with little or no role in lesion formation or repair. However, the recent upsurge ...

The assessment of general condition of fish in the moderately contaminated aquatic environment was performed on the European chub (Squalius cephalus) caught in September 2009 in the Sutla River in Croatia. Although increases of the contaminants in this river (trace and macro elements, bacteria), as well as physico-chemical changes (decreased ...

Defining and measuring sustainability of bioenergy systems are difficult because the systems are complex, the science is in early stages of development, and there is a need to generalize what are inherently context-specific enterprises. These challenges, and the fact that decisions are being made now, create a need for improved ...

Increased use of dietary supplements is a phenomenon observed worldwide. In the USA, more than 40 % of the population recently reported using complementary and alternative medicines, including botanical dietary supplements. Perceptions that such dietary supplements are natural and safe, may prevent disease, may replace prescription medicines, or may make up ...

Underlying mechanisms by which air pollutants adversely affect human health remain poorly understood. Oxidative stress has been considered as a potential mechanism that may promote lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species, leading to the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) that is excreted in biofluids (e.g., urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC)). ...

This study reports for the first time on the development of a self-sustainable microbial fuel cell stack capable of self-maintenance (feeding, hydration, sensing & reporting). Furthermore, the stack system is producing excess energy, which can be used for improved functionality. The self-maintenance is performed by the stack powering single and ...

Acute encephalopathy is a generic term for acute brain dysfunction occurring after infection. Acute encephalopathy induced by influenza virus results in high mortality, and most cases of influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) result in brain edema. Administration of diclofenac sodium (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is associated with a significant increased ...

SCOPE: There are limited data on the metabolism of [6]-shogaol (6S), a major bioactive component of ginger. This study demonstrates metabolism of 6S in liver microsomes from mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human. METHODS AND RESULTS: The in vitro metabolism of 6S was compared among five species using liver microsomes ...

Moral distress has received much attention in international nursing published work in recent years. However, in the published work, little is known about the moral distress of mental health nurses. The aims of this study were to examine the intensity level of moral distress, to identify the best predictors of ...

As one moves from the skin across the vermilion region of the lip and into the oral cavity the oral mucosa is encountered. The oral mucosa consists of connective tissue known as the lamina propria covered by a stratified squamous epithelium. In the regions of the hard palate and gingiva ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition managed in general practice, but often not in line with published guidance. The ideal consultation for a patient presenting with possible OA is not known. The aim of the study was to develop the content of a model OA consultation for the ...

Population differentiation was investigated by confronting phenotypic and molecular variation in the highly selfing freshwater snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. We sampled seven natural populations separated by a few kilometers, and characterized by different habitat regimes (permanent/temporary) and openness (open/closed). A genetic analysis based on five ...

Flowing supercritical CO(2) was used to activate a cross section of microporous coordination polymers (MCPs) directly from DMF, thus avoiding exchange with a volatile solvent. Most MCPs displayed exceptional surface areas directly after treatment although those with coordinatively unsaturated metals benefit from heating. The method presents an advance in efficiency ...

Depletion of DNA replication initiation factors such as CDC7 kinase triggers the origin activation checkpoint in healthy cells and leads to a protective cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of the mitotic cell division cycle. This protective mechanism is thought to be defective in cancer cells. To investigate how ...

Iodine is required for the production of thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone affects many metabolic processes in the body, including maturation of the central nervous system. In early pregnancy, the fetus is dependent on maternal thyroid hormone for normal brain development. If iodine deficiency leads to inadequate production of thyroid hormone ...

OBJECTIVES: To present the results of a systematic literature search aimed at determining to what extent the radiation dose can be reduced with iterative reconstruction (IR) for cardiopulmonary and body imaging with computed tomography (CT) in the clinical setting and what the effects on image quality are with IR versus ...

This study evaluated whether electrodermal resistance at acupuncture points (AP) systematically varies as a function of pain. The study was conceived as a proof-of-principle study in support of research on acupuncture and other complementary medicine approaches. Specifically, this study investigates whether or not electrodermal activity systematically differentiates arthritis patients with ...

A polymer network is prepared by the thiol-yne photopolymerization of multifunctional dendrimer with a tetrathiol crosslinker. The network obtained shows a liquid crystalline phase at room temperature, which has been characterized by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Photoinduced deformation of uniaxially aligned free-standing films of the photocrosslinked ...

A Japanese male patient presented with gait disturbance at the age of 69 years. His principal symptom was cerebellar ataxia for several years. He was initially diagnosed as having olivopontocerebellar atrophy because dysarthria and ataxia gradually developed, and head CT scan showed apparent atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem and ...

Background/Aims: The purpose of comprehensive treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) is curing tumor, prevention of recurrence or metastasis. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical pathological characteristics of EGC, and to find out factors which influence lymph node metastasis. Methodology: Records of 417 patients with ...

The adaptation of the cerebral circulation to pregnancy is unique from other vascular beds. Most notably, the growth and vasodilatory response to high levels of circulating growth factors and cytokines that promote substantial hemodynamic changes in other vascular beds is limited in the cerebral circulation. This is accomplished through several ...

This article summarises recent progress in the study of acyclic oligopyrrole molecules that show anion-binding behaviours. Compared to cyclic oligopyrroles, acyclic systems have shown fascinating properties in terms of their linear geometries, as seen in the examples of biotic oligopyrroles and related analogues, which have shown the ability to transport ...

The growing concern about poor dietary practices among low-income families has led to a 'victim blaming' culture that excludes wider social and environmental factors, which influence household food choices. This small-scale qualitative study investigated influences on the diets of young children in families on a low income in the West ...

The neurotransmitter dopamine acts on the subventricular zone (SVZ) to regulate both prenatal and postnatal neurogenesis, in particular through D(3) receptor (D(3) R) subtype. In this study, we explored the cellular mechanism(s) underlying D(3) R-mediated cell proliferation and tested if systemic delivery of a D(3) R agonist would induce SVZ ...

Objectives: To report the case of a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who developed vincristine (VCR)-induced seizure after R-CHOP chemotherapy. Case summary: A 22-year-old boy with DLBCL developed generalized tonic clonic seizures following R-CHOP chemotherapy. After receiving the third cycle of chemotherapy, he developed Aspergillus pneumonia; therefore, itraconazole ...

Ongoing human infections with highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses and the emergence of the pandemic swine-origin influenza viruses (IV) highlight the permanent threat elicited by these pathogens. Occurrence of resistant seasonal and pandemic strains against the currently licensed antiviral medications points to the urgent need for new and amply available ...

Several treatments for patients with primary hypogonadism are available, but these are associated with major complications. In this study, we explored the possibility of testosterone secretion by proliferated Leydig cells embedded in Matrigel with the aim of developing a source of endogenous testosterone supplement for recipients while reducing the need ...

The wrinkling characteristics of a rectangular graphene membrane under local tension are studied in this paper based on the continuum theory. The characteristics of the primary bifurcation and secondary wrinkling are studied to discover the physics of graphene wrinkling. The wrinkling geometry is predicted by a continuum theory model. The ...

Industrial activity is one of the main sources of ambient pollution in developed countries. However, research analyzing its effect on birth outcomes is inconclusive. We analyzed the association between proximity of mother's municipality of residence to industries from 24 different activity groups and risk of very (VPTB) and moderate (MPTB) ...

In Ayurveda, a healthy body is defined by a balance among the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and ailments result due to imbalances among them. It prescribes specific plant parts/tissues collected in a season-specific manner for curing dosha-related imbalances but the plants prescribed for treating a particular dosha imbalance belong ...

PURPOSE: This study aims to explore gynecological cancer survivors' perceptions and experiences following participation in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing the efficacy of a home-based physical activity behavioral change intervention (Donnelly et al., Gynecol Oncol 122:618-624, 2011). METHODS: All participants completing a two-armed parallel RCT were invited to participate ...

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is applied seasonally in Egypt by adolescent agricultural workers and the extent of occupational exposure and the potential for environmental CPF exposure in this population is poorly understood. Adolescent pesticide applicators (n=57; 12-21 years of age) and age-matched non-applicators (n=38) from the same villages were followed for 10 ...

Young Black women are disproportionately afflicted with breast cancer, a proportion of which may be due to BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) gene mutations. In a sample of Black women with early onset breast cancer, we evaluated BRCA mutations and explored personal and system-level clinical characteristics. Black women diagnosed with invasive ...

A new scheme was presented in this study for the evaluation of fetal well-being from the cardiotocogram (CTG) recordings using support vector machines (SVM) and the genetic algorithm (GA). CTG recordings consist of fetal heart rate (FHR) and the uterine contraction (UC) signals and are widely used by obstetricians for ...

The optimal study design for identifying rare variants associated with common disease is not yet clear and researchers have to decide whether to prioritize lower sequencing coverage on larger sample sizes, or higher coverage on smaller sample sizes. High-coverage sequencing affords several advantages, such as genotype accuracy and improved identification ...

The purpose of the study was to describe why Finnish cancer patients choose the internet as a source of social support. The data were collected in May 2010, using an online questionnaire with open-ended questions, through four discussion forums on the websites of the non-profit Cancer Society of Finland. Seventy-four ...

Degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was studied with high-efficiency sulfate radical (SO(4) (-·)), which was generated by the activation of persulfate (S(2)O(8) (2-)) with ferrous ion (Fe(2+)). S(2)O(8) (2-) was activated by Fe(2+) to produce SO(4) (-·), and iron powder (Fe(0)) was used as a slow-releasing source ...

Ensuring the persistence of at-risk species depends on implementing conservation actions that ameliorate threats. We developed and implemented a method to quantify the relative importance of threats and to prioritize recovery actions based on their potential to affect risk to Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). We used assessments of threat ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) in osteoarthritis chondrocytes, and to explore the potential correlation between them in the apoptosis process of osteoarthritis chondrocytes. METHODS: Patients with knee osteoarthritis were placed into four categories ...