AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy balance. AMPK phosphorylates and regulates many proteins concerned with nutrient metabolism, largely acting to suppress anabolic ATP-consuming pathways while stimulating catabolic ATP-generating pathways. This has led to considerable interest in AMPK as a therapeutic target for the ...

Cholesterol trafficking from the outer to the cholesterol-poor inner mitochondrial membrane requires energized, polarized and actively respiring mitochondria, mediated by a highly regulated multimeric (140-200 kDa) protein complex comprising StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), mitochondrial TSPO (translocator protein), VDAC (voltage-dependent anion channel), ANT (adenine nucleotide transporter) and associated regulatory proteins. Mitochondrial ...

The purpose was to assess the cost-effectiveness of sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients incorporating current prices and the results of the recent published field practice SOraFenib Italian Assessment (SOFIA) study. We created a Markov Decision Model to evaluate, in a hypothetical cohort of Caucasian male patients, ...

The last 30 years have witnessed the growth of spinal cord stimulation as a treatment modality for an increasing number of chronic pain conditions. In spite of this growth, one of the greatest criticisms is the lack of concrete evidence for the mechanism of action. With the ever increasing enlightenment with ...

The maxillary sinus may be involved in a wide variety of disorders. Many of these share common presenting symptoms but some have unique features. This article reviews some of the recent publications in this area. The majority of isolated maxillary sinus disease has been previously described. Some recent data on ...

Reducing litter moisture is an effective measure to reduce the incidence of footpad dermatitis. Dietary mineral levels affect intestinal conditions with regard to osmolarity and water reabsorption. Magnesium is often used as a laxative, preventing reabsorption of water from the digesta, and as a consequence, more moisture in the excreta. ...

This review examines the role of platelets in ischemic stroke, platelet activation mechanisms, aspirin's rise as an antithrombotic agent, clopidogrel's appearance on the stage, a possible role for combination therapy, antiplatelet resistance, practical considerations, and future directions. Reviewed in this chapter are issues central to optimal antiplatelet therapy: efficacy, safety, ...

Sinus computed tomography (CT) interpretation is subject to individual variation. We propose a template-driven approach as a method to ensure CT interpretation that is complete and efficient. Recent years have seen the description of newly noted anatomic abnormalities in the paranasal sinuses that should be noted during sinus CT interpretation. ...

Selection of the optimal surgical and interventional therapies for advanced colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) requires multidisciplinary discussion of treatment strategies early in the trajectory of the individual patient's care. This paper reports on expert consensus on locoregional and interventional therapies for the treatment of advanced CRLM. Resection remains the ...

Peripheral and hepatic-portal plasma levels of neurotensin (NT) in fed and fasted chickens were determined using RIA. Portal levels of NT(1-13) (fed = 61.3 ± 3.9 fmol/mL; fasted = 44.5 ± 3.9 fmol/mL) were significantly higher than peripheral levels (fed = 8.2 ± 3.3 fmol/mL; fasted = 7.8 ± 3.0 ...

Two experiments were conducted to study the interaction between breeder age and egg size on the energy utilization (experiment 1) and heat production (experiment 2) of broiler embryos. In experiment 1, a total of 4,800 Ross-308 hatching eggs from 2 breeder ages (29 and 53 wk of age, or young ...

The success of tissue engineering is dependent on rapid scaffold vascularization after engraftment. Copper ions are well known to be angiogenic but exhibit cytotoxicity at elevated doses. The high sensitivity to copper concentration underlines the need of a controlled release mechanism. This study investigated the effect of copper ions released ...

In the present study, the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in turkeys in the southwest of Germany was investigated. For this purpose, 200 cloacal swab samples and 5 environmental dust samples (tested as a pooled sample) of each of the 20 flocks (10 female and 10 male flocks) included in ...

Statins are widely used for their cholesterol-lowering properties and proven reduction of cardiovascular disease risk. Many patients take statins as long-term treatment for a variety of conditions without a clear-cut understanding of how treatment duration affects the frequency of adverse effects. We aimed to evaluate whether the frequencies of documented ...

Despite a strong correlation between obesity and insulin resistance, 25% of severely obese (BMI >40) individuals are insulin sensitive. In this review, we will examine the factors in adipose tissue that distinguish the two groups, as well as reasons for believing the insulin-sensitive group will be less disease prone. Obesity ...

Limiting Salmonella Enteritidis from table eggs can involve intervention approaches at several levels of the production cycle, beginning at the hatchery and ending at the processing or table egg production facilities. Likewise, interventions that limit Salmonella Enteritidis dissemination can be implemented at various stages during the life cycle of infection ...

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a multi-causal, heterogeneous and progressive cardiometabolic condition, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. T2DM is associated with multiple comorbidities that may impact patients' quality of life. Treatment is multifactorial, but pharmacologic treatment of hyperglycemia is still regarded as the mainstay of diabetes management. Current established therapies ...

There has been a resurgent interest in the use of bacteriophages or their gene products to control bacterial pathogens as alternatives to currently used antibiotics. Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that plays a significant role in human foodborne disease as well as non-foodborne human, animal, and avian ...

Proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein involved in LDL-cholesterol metabolism. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11591147 has been associated with lower LDL-cholesterol and a lower risk of coronary heart disease. Because PCSK9 has high affinity to the LDL receptor, inhibiting PCSK9 is a testable therapeutic target for lipid-lowering ...

To review perioperative care in gynecologic oncology with special emphasis on areas of controversy. Major gynecologic surgery still represents the cornerstone of management among women diagnosed with gynecologic malignancies. The implementation of clinical guidelines can significantly impact perioperative morbidity and mortality. Preoperative evaluation and preparation allows the surgeon to identify ...

Enrichment of pullet cages with perches has not been studied. Our objective was to determine if access to metal perches during all or part of the life cycle of caged White Leghorns affected egg traits, foot health, and feather condition. Treatment 1 represented control chickens that never had access to ...

Gerdes, A. C., Haack, L. M., & Schneider, B. W. (2012). Parental Functioning in Families of Children With ADHD: Evidence for Behavioral Parent Training and Importance of Clinically Meaningful Change. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16, 147-156. (Original DOI: 10.1177/1087054710381482).

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common illness for which systemic antibiotics are frequently prescribed, although high-level evidence for this practice is largely lacking. We review the available literature addressing the proper role of oral antibiotics in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Chronic rhinosinusitis is an incompletely understood disease process for which ...

Sources of Zn, Mn, and Cu (IZMC) as sulfates or as amino acid complexes (OZMC) were used to supplement Cobb 500 breeder hen diets. Experimental treatments consisted of diets supplemented with 1) 100, 100, and 10 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, from IZMC (control); 2) 60, 60, and ...

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of fermented cottonseed meal (FCM) on the ileal and cecal bacterial microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 300 newborn yellow-feathered broiler chickens were randomly divided into 2 treatments with 3 replicates each (50 birds per replicate): control and ...

White striping is a condition in broiler chickens characterized grossly by the occurrence of white striations, seen parallel to the direction of muscle fibers, on broiler breast fillets and thighs. Based on visual evaluation of the intensity of white striping, breast fillets can be categorized into normal (NORM), moderate (MOD), ...

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks by testing cecal contents at slaughter and to detect and quantify Campylobacter on broiler carcass skin samples of the corresponding slaughter batches, to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of the Campylobacter isolates, and to genotype selected Campylobacter ...

White striping is the white striation occasionally observed parallel to the direction of muscle fibers in broiler breast fillets and thighs at the processing plant. Broiler breast fillets can be categorized as normal (NORM), moderate (MOD), or severe (SEV) based on the degree of white striping. Histologically, SEV fillets are ...

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a catastrophic neurologic event. Early triage of patients with SAH should include cardiopulmonary stabilization, neurologic assessment, and imaging. Conventional angiography with 3-dimensional rendering is necessary to accurately assess aneurysm morphology and location, so that treatment can be planned appropriately. Current evidence suggests that coil embolization ...

Infected laying hens regularly excrete large amounts of Campylobacter jejuni with their feces, which represent a reservoir of infection within the flock and for animals in the region. However, the knowledge about survival times of C. jejuni in these feces is still scarce. Therefore, orienting laboratory experiments were carried out ...

In the aftermath of reforms in healthcare laws, there is a focused conversation concerning healthcare delivery with an increasing emphasis on quality, cost containment, improved outcomes and access. Concurrently, providers are experiencing pressure as patient volume escalates yet while funding levels fail to keep pace. Addressing these issues is imperative ...

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of outdoor access on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Thirty-five-day-old female broilers were divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 124 birds each: (1) birds reared indoors (control group); (2) birds reared with outdoor access since ...

Loop diuretics remain a mainstay in the pharmacologic treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Recent randomized trial results have challenged existing clinical dogma about the optimal manner of intravenous diuretic administration in hospitalized patients. The Diuretic Optimization Strategies Evaluation (DOSE) trial, while technically a neutral study, suggested some advantages ...

The mass depopulation of production birds remains an effective means of controlling fast-moving, highly infectious diseases such as avian influenza and virulent Newcastle disease. Water-based fire-fighting foam is a conditionally approved method of depopulating floor-reared gallinaceous poultry such as chickens and turkeys; however, ducks have physiological mechanisms that may make ...

Neurolytic celiac plexus blocks (NCPB) have been performed for many years for the treatment of cancer and some non-cancer pain conditions associated with the upper gastrointestinal tract. The block can provide adequate pain relief from the area of the distal esophagus to the transverse colon, and can be approached from ...

Campylobacter jejuni was monitored in 4 chicken farms during the period 2003 to 2006 to elucidate the mechanisms of transmission. Three farms (1 to 3), located at least 14 km from each other, belonged to an integrated poultry company, which also provided the farms with day-old chicks from several hatcheries ...

Many restorative therapies that promote brain repair are under development. Stroke is very heterogeneous, highlighting the need to identify target populations and to understand intersubject differences in treatment response. Several neuroimaging measures have shown promise as biomarkers and predictors, including measures of structure and function, in gray matter and white ...

CHD morbidity and mortality rates have more than halved since their peak in the 1960s and 1970s. This trend is a result of many factors; however, primary prevention provides the bulk of this benefit. Despite this tremendous progress, cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of death and this trend is ...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a clear risk factor for cardiovascular risk. Through its association with metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, NAFLD certainly has strong indirect associations with cardiovascular risk. Recent population studies have strengthened the association with prevalent coronary heart disease. Investigative ...

The title of the Keynote Symposium at the 2012 Poultry Science Association Meeting at the Georgia Center in Athens, Georgia, was "Tomorrow's Poultry: Sustainability and Safety." The purpose of the symposium was to provide members and guests of the Poultry Science Association an opportunity to be updated on the recent ...

We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract (PAE) from Pinus radiata bark in Korean native chickens. In experiment 1, proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly enhanced in chickens administered 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of PAE for 2 wk once daily by oral gavage compared ...

More human illnesses caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis throughout the world have been linked to the consumption of contaminated eggs than to any other food vehicle. Deposition of this pathogen in the edible contents of eggs occurs when systemic infections of laying hens involve colonization of reproductive ...

Recent advances in the genomic analysis of breast cancers show promise in better defining endocrine sensitive subtypes. In addition, several key trials have recently reported results that better define the optimal sequence of endocrine agents and approaches to overcome endocrine resistance. In clinical practice 'luminal' breast cancer is commonly used ...

The purpose of the study was to test the genetics of individual egg hatchability. Hatching outcome (0,1) of each of the eggs (126,430) laid during hatching seasons of 5 generations of a Rhode Island White population was analyzed with models that attributed the direct additive effect either to an egg ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight the potential importance of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and advanced-lipoxidation endproducts (ALEs) in obesity and obesity-related complications, and the contribution of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and the glyoxylase defense system therein. RECENT FINDINGS: Formation of AGEs/ALEs and its precursors, including methylglyoxal (MGO), ...

Despite the best available medical therapy inclusive of statins, substantial residual risk remains for atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Non-statin lipid-lowering therapy may help address this critical unmet need through reduction of the levels of low-density lipoprotein and other atherogenic lipoproteins. In the past few years, several landmark trials have provided important ...

Capsaicin and its nonpungent analog (capsinoids) are known to be food ingredients that increase energy expenditure and decrease body fat. This article reviews the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) for the thermogenic effect of these compounds in humans and proposes the possibility of some other antiobesity food ingredients. A ...

Reduction of foodborne illnesses and deaths by improving the safety of poultry products is one of the priority areas in the United States, and developing and implementing effective food processing technologies can be very effective to accomplish that goal. Irradiation is an effective processing technology for eliminating pathogens in poultry ...

Genetic differences alter the type and degree of hens' responses and their ability to adapt to a stressor. This study examined the effects of genotypic variations on the productivity and behavior of laying hens following heat stress (HS). Two strains of White Leghorn hens were used: DXL (Dekalb XL), a ...

Percutaneous, transcutaneous and sham transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation was compared in a prospective blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Patients who had failed conservative treatment for faecal incontinence were randomized to one of three groups: group 1, percutaneous; group 2, transcutaneous; group 3, sham transcutaneous. Patients in groups 1 and 2 ...