Strontium-90 is a principal radionuclide contaminant in the subsurface at several Department of Energy sites in the Western US, causing a threat to groundwater quality in areas such as Hanford, WA. In this work, we used laboratory scale porous media flow cells to examine a potential remediation strategy employing co-precipitation ...

The mixed glass former effect (MGFE) is defined as a non-linear and non-additive change in the ionic conductivity with changing glass former composition at constant modifier composition. In this study, sodium borophosphate 0.35 Na2O + 0.65 [xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5], 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 glasses which have been shown to ...

The fabrication of synthetic self-propelled particles and the experimental investigations of their dynamics have stimulated interest in self-generated phoretic effects that propel nano- and micron-scale objects. Theoretical modeling of these phenomena is often based on a continuum description of the solvent for different phoretic propulsion mechanisms, including, self-electrophoresis, self-diffusiophoresis and ...

Hierarchical FeOOH nanostructure array films constructed by different nanosized building blocks can be synthesized at air-water interface via a bio-inspired gas-liquid diffusion method. In this approach, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a crystal growth modifier plays a crucial role in mediating the morphology and polymorph of FeOOH crystals. With the increase ...

BACKGROUND: Glutamine modulates duodenal protein metabolism in fasted healthy humans, but its effects in a fed state remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effects of either glutamine or an isonitrogenous protein mixture on duodenal protein metabolism in humans in the fed state. DESIGN: Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomly ...

A characteristic marker of impulsive decision making is the discounting of delayed rewards, demonstrated via choice preferences and choice-related brain activity. However, delay discounting may also arise from how subjective reward value is dynamically represented in the brain when anticipating an upcoming chosen reward. In the current study, brain activity ...

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease, a chronic, granulomatous enteritis of ruminants. Dendritic cells (DC) of the gut are ideally placed to combat invading mycobacteria; however, little is known about their interaction with MAP. Here, we investigated the interaction of MAP and the closely related M. avium ssp. ...

Rationale: MicroRNA biomarkers are attracting considerable interest. Effects of medication, however, have not been investigated thus far. Objective: To analyse changes in plasma microRNAs in response to anti-platelet therapy. Methods and Results: Profiling for 377 microRNAs was performed in platelets, platelet microparticles, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-poor plasma and serum. Platelet-rich plasma ...

AIMS: Trends in patient selection and pharmacotherapy before radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of atrial fibrillation are not well studied. We examined temporal trends in RFA utilization on a nationwide scale in Denmark.METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the cross-linkage of nationwide registers, 3302 atrial fibrillation patients treated with 'first-ever' RFA between 2000 and ...

Macrolide treatment failure in syphilis patients is associated with a single point mutation (either A2058G or A2059G) in both copies of the 23S rRNA gene in T. pallidum strains. The conventional method for the detection of both point mutations uses nested PCR combined with restriction enzyme digestions, which is laborious ...

Aims: The goal of this research project was to explore circumstances surrounding each drowning death occurring to children and adolescents ages 0-17 in Sweden during the years 1998-2007. Methods: Records from the National Board of Forensic Medicine (NBFM) and other sources were analysed. We collected information on children's personal characteristics ...

BACKGROUND: The response to dietary fat plays a key role in metabolic health. Although this can vary widely between individuals, variation within an individual and the associated contribution of phenotypic and genotypic factors to this variation are less defined.Objectives: The objectives were to quantify within-person variation in triacylglycerol response by ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: An iron rich layer on the labial surface is characteristic of the enamel of rodent incisors. In order to address a role for iron content in continuously growing incisors during odontogenesis, we studied iron deposition patterns in enamel and dentine using Perls' blue staining and ferritin heavy chain ...

Intracapsular femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of nonunion. We aimed to identify risk factors for nonunion in patients with both displaced and nondisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures treated with three 7-mm parallel cannulated screws, placed in either a triangle or an inverted triangle configuration, using failure of ...

Bitter taste is a basic taste modality, required to safeguard animals against consuming toxic substances. Bitter compounds are recognized by G-protein-coupled bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs). The human TAS2R10 responds to the toxic strychnine and numerous other compounds. The mechanism underlying the development of the broad tuning of some TAS2Rs is ...

We report a new solution-deposition method to synthesize an unprecedented type of two-dimensional (2D) ordered mesoporous carbon nanosheets, via a controlled low-concentration monomicelle close packing assembly approach. These obtained carbon nanosheets possess only one layer of ordered mesopores laid on the surface of a substrate, typically the inner walls of ...

After entry into the cell, the early steps of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication cycle are mediated by two functionally distinct nucleoprotein complexes, the reverse transcription complex (RTC) and preintegration complex (PIC). These two unique viral complexes are responsible for the conversion of the single-stranded RNA genome ...

Knee malalignment during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is commonly classified as either varus or valgus on the basis of a standing anteroposterior radiograph. Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) navigation TKA provides precise dynamic evaluation of knee alignment throughout the full range of motion (FROM). The goal of this study was to classify ...

Crop plants, whose productivity is affected by a wide range of growing and environmental conditions, are grown for economic purposes. Transcription factors (TFs) play central role in regulation of many biological processes, including plant development and responses to environmental stimuli, by activating or repressing spatiotemporal gene expression. Here, we describe ...

OBJECTIVE: Expansions of more than 30 hexanucleotide repetitions in the C9ORF72 gene are a common cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the range of 20-30 repetitions is rarely found and still has unclear significance. A screening of our cohort of cases with FTD (n = ...

We developed a new covalent enzyme immobilization technique compatible with lithography processes. Carbon nanotube electrodes patterned on glass slides were used to create Y-shaped membraneless glucose/O(2) microfluidic biofuel cells. An original extremophilic laccase, CotA from Bacillus subtilis, was used in the cathodic compartment of these miniaturized biofuel cells.

Research suggests that spirituality is important to a large percentage of the older adult population and serves as a promoter of healthy aging. In this qualitative research I conducted and analyzed multiple interviews with 6 women aged 80 and older. Using multiple in-depth interviews I explored the interplay between spirituality ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The most common mechanical failure in the internal fixation of trochanteric hip fractures is the cut-out of the sliding screw through the femoral head. Several factors that influence this complication have been suggested, but there is no consensus as to the relative importance of each factor.The purpose of ...

Abstract The focus of the present study was to develop and evaluate the transdermal system of celecoxib. Transdermal gels composed of carbopol 940 in propylene glycol (PG) containing penetration enhancers. The formulations were characterized by permeation, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and histopathology. Celecoxib permeation across excised rat skins were statistically (p < 0.05) enhanced ...

X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) deliver short (<100 femtoseconds) and intense (~1e12 photons) pulses of hard X-rays making them a perfect source for time resolved studies. Here we show that, despite the inherent instabilities of current XFELs, they can be used for measuring high quality X-ray absorption data and we ...

Color vision in honey bees (Apis mellifera) has been extensively studied at the behavioral level and, to a lesser degree, at the physiological level by means of electrophysiological intracellular recordings of single neurons. Few visual neurons have been so far characterized in the lateral protocerebrum of bees. Therefore, the possible ...

We reviewed a consecutive series of patients with a humeral fracture around either an anatomic or a reverse shoulder prosthesis treated with either open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or revision shoulder arthroplasty. The purposes of the study were to (1) describe the treatment of these fractures by either method, ...

Purpose:  This study sought to determine the association between BsmI polymorphism and bone mineral density, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with epilepsy. Methods:  We recruited ambulatory young adults with epilepsy who were taking phenytoin. Data regarding demographics, basic laboratory studies, history of clinical epilepsy, parathyroid hormone, and ...

There is a lack of quantitative information on the effectiveness of selective-logging practices in ameliorating effects of logging on faunal communities. We conducted a large-scale replicated field study in 3 selectively logged moist semideciduous forests in West Africa at varying times after timber extraction to assess post logging effects on ...

Studies in adolescents and adults have demonstrated that polymorphisms in putative psychiatric risk genes are associated with differences in brain structure, but cannot address when in development these relationships arise. To determine if common genetic variants in disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1; rs821616 and rs6675281), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; rs4680), neuregulin 1 (NRG1; rs35753505 and ...

Purpose: In the present study, we assessed expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in peritoneal effluent (pNGAL) from peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and we evaluated factors that might affect its level in basal conditions. METHODS: Our cross-sectional study included all 69 patients on PD at our institution. We evaluated patient ...

Arsenic is one of the most hazardous substances in the environment known to cause toxicity in multiple organs. Cell adhesion, morphological alterations, cell proliferation, terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase-3/CPP32 fluorometric protease assay were important biomarkers to assess apoptosis in cells. This study aimed to evaluate arsenic-induced apoptosis ...

Adhesive micropattern arrays permit the continuous monitoring and systematic study of the behavior of spatially confined cells of well-defined shape and size in ordered configurations. This technique has contributed to defining mechanisms that control cell polarity and cell functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and migration in two-dimensional cell culture systems. ...

The research examines the structural bottleneck account and the resource account of the substantial dual-task deficits among older adults. Procedures from two common dual-task methodologies-the psychological refractory period and the relative-priority manipulation-were used to encourage maximization of the joint performance. Performance and time-sharing strategies from subjects between the ages of ...

Learning takes place throughout lifetime but differs in infants and adults because of the immaturity of the PFC, a brain region responsible for cognitive control. To test this hypothesis, adults were investigated in a language learning paradigm under inhibitory, cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over PFC. The experiment included a ...

There is increasing evidence that the phenotypic effects of genomic sequence variants are best understood in terms of variant haplotypes rather than as isolated polymorphisms. Haplotype analysis is also critically important for uncovering population histories, and for the study of evolutionary genetics. Although the sequencing of individual human genomes to ...

OBJECTIVE: The angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism has been reported to be associated with myocardial infarction (MI), but previous studies have been inconsistent. The present study aimed at assessing the association of M235T polymorphism in the AGT gene with MI using a meta-analysis. METHODS: We retrieved literature in Google Scholar, ...

Persistent activity in cortex is the neural correlate of working memory (WM). In persistent activity, spike trains are highly irregular, even more than in baseline. This seemingly innocuous feature challenges our current understanding of the synaptic mechanisms underlying WM. Here we argue that in WM the prefrontal cortex (PFC) operates ...

OBJECTIVE: /st>Incidence of adverse events (AEs) among home care patients and preventability ratings were estimated. Risk factors, AE types and factors associated with AEs were identified. DESIGN: /st>This study used a stratified, randomized sample of home care patients discharged in the fiscal year 2004/05. Trained nurse reviewers completed retrospective chart ...

This study utilized transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as a cellular replacement therapy to remedy radiation induced injury and restore impaired new bone formation during distraction osteogenesis (DO). BMSC therapy brought about the successful generation of new bone and significantly improved both the rate and quality of bony union ...

To meet the growing global demand for energy while preserving the environment, it is necessary to drastically reduce the world's dependence on non-renewable energy sources. At the core of this effort will be the ability to efficiently convert, store, transport and access energy in a variety of ways. Batteries for ...

Adiponectin has antidiabetic properties, and patients with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance have low plasma adiponectin levels. However, although kidney disease is associated with insulin resistance, adiponectin is elevated in end-stage renal disease. Here we determine whether adipose tissue production of adiponectin is increased in renal disease in a case-control ...

Low interface strength is a persistent problem in composite materials and cascades to limit a variety of bulk material properties such as lamina shear strength. Whiskerization has long been pursued as a method to reinforce the interphase and improve both the single fiber interface strength as well as the bulk ...

ssRNA can interact with dendritic cells (DCs) through binding to TLR7, inducing secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN. Triggering TLR7 enhances cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells, which requires cross-presentation of exogenous Ag to DCs. However, how TLR triggering can affect Ag cross-presentation is still not clear. Using OVA ...

Protons impart isoform-specific modulation of inactivation in neuronal, skeletal muscle, and cardiac voltage-gated sodium (Na(V)) channels. Although the structural basis of proton block in Na(V) channels has been well described, the amino acid residues responsible for the changes in Na(V) kinetics during extracellular acidosis are as yet unknown. We expressed ...

A new twist: A one-pot nitrous acid free, diazonium-free, and transition-metal-free variation of the Fischer indole synthesis has been developed. Condensation of quinone monoketals and aliphatic hydrazine hydrochlorides afforded indoles via intermediate alkylaryldiazenes. This method will complement the classical Fischer indole synthesis by providing indoles in two steps from widely ...

Fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have attracted great interest because of their superior characteristics as fluorescent probes, such as high fluorescence brightness, fast radiative rates, and excellent photostability. However, currently available Pdots generally exhibit broad emission spectra, which significantly limit their usefulness in many biological applications involving multiplex detections. Here, ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Avocados contain monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) dietary fiber, essential nutrients and phytochemicals. However, no epidemiologic data exist on their effects on diet quality, weight management and other metabolic disease risk factors. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationships between avocado consumption and overall diet quality, ...

New insights into the intrarenal renin-angiotensin (Ang) system have modified our traditional view of the system. However, many finer details of this network of peptides and associated peptidases remain unclear. We hypothesized that a computational systems biology approach, applied to peptidomic data, could help to unravel the network of enzymatic ...

Stimulation of the intermediate and deep layers of superior colliculus (DLSC) in rodents evokes both orienting/pursuit (approach) and avoidance/flight (defense) responses (Dean et al., 1989). These two classes of response are subserved by distinct output projections associated with lateral (approach) and medial (defense) DLSC (Comoli et al., 2012). In non-human ...