Subpixel methods increase the accuracy and efficiency of image detectors, processing units, and algorithms and provide very cost-effective systems for object tracking. Published methods achieve resolution increases up to three orders of magnitude. In this Letter, we demonstrate that this limit can be theoretically improved by several orders of magnitude, ...

A fiber-based chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) system with an active feedback loop for pulse shaping is experimentally demonstrated. A spectral processor is used in conjunction with a frequency-resolved optical gating measurement to produce high-quality pulses. Spectral phase and intensity shaping are utilized to generate a clean, high-contrast, transform-limited pulse with 15 dB ...

Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of human urogenital infection, is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. In spite of the high prevalence and medical importance of trichomoniasis, there is little knowledge about genetic epidemiology and genetic characterisation of this parasite. For this purpose, a Single Stranded ...

Summary: A wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and protozoa has adapted to an intracellular life-style, which presents several advantages, including accessibility to host cell metabolites and protection from the host immune system. Intracellular pathogens have developed strategies to enter and exit their host cells while optimizing survival and replication, progression ...

This is a concise review of the uses of botulinum toxins (BTXs) in dermatology and cosmetic procedures. It is a clinical rather than a basic science, pharmacological review. BTX had been initially used for selectively reducing and balancing periorbital muscle activity; thereby, reducing childhood strabismus and blepharospasm. This clinical research ...

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this review was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis and Bayesian mixed treatment comparisons (MTC) evaluating the impact of biologics on non-Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) health outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. METHODS: MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were ...

INTRODUCTION: Obinutuzumab (GA101) is a novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has been shown to be effective for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and is currently being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials. The side-effect profile of the drug is not yet well established. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case ...

In order to systematically evaluate the influence of lymph nodes (LNs) in lymph node metastases (LNM) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we set up a new in vitro model in which Hca-F and Hca-P cells were cultured in medium containing lymph node homogenates (LNHs). Differential protein expression was measured by two-dimensional ...

Inflammation plays key roles at various stages of tumor development, including invasion and metastasis. In mice, the angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL2) gene has been implicated in inflammatory carcinogenesis. ANGPTL2 mRNA expression was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay using LightCycler in surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Few educational resources have been developed to inform patients' renal replacement therapy (RRT) selection decisions. Patients progressing toward end stage renal disease (ESRD) must decide among multiple treatment options with varying characteristics. Complex information about treatments must be adequately conveyed to patients with different educational backgrounds and informational ...

BACKGROUND: The failure of total hip replacements because of wear, particle-induced osteolysis, and aseptic loosening has focussed interest on factors potentially affecting the rate of wear. In this context the effect of particle release from the bone-implant interface of cementless implants is poorly understood. The surface structure for bony ongrowth ...

Elucidating the structural information of nanoscale materials in their solvent-exposed state is crucial, as a result, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) has become an increasingly popular technique in the materials science, chemistry, and biology communities. Cryo-TEM provides a method to directly visualize the specimen structure in a solution-state through a ...

The concept of using aromatase inhibitors in place of clomiphene citrate (CC) for ovulation induction was introduced >10 years ago; a brief history of its development is presented. Its worldwide usage for ovulation induction, including as an adjunct for intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization has occurred despite the absence of ...

It is well established that the endothelin, nitric oxide and prostacyclin pathways play an important role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Indeed, the therapeutic options currently available for the management of PAH all act on one of these mechanistic pathways. However, this is an exciting time for ...

Wideband suppression of zero order and relevant strongly asymmetric transmission can be obtained in photonic crystal gratings that are made of linear isotropic materials and show the broken structural (axial) symmetry, even if zero diffraction order may be coupled to a Floquet-Bloch (FB) wave at the incidence and exit interfaces. ...

In this Letter, we present a new type of ultrathin antireflection transparent and high-conductive screen based on plasmonic nanostructures that does not suffer from high loss and thickness coating and also can be used as good conductive material due to super electrical conductivity of the component (noble metal). Low reflection ...

Tracheo-innominate artery fistula (TIF) is a rare but fatal complication after tracheostomy. Necessary lifesaving measures include proper ventilation, temporary hemostasis, and surgery. Recently, we successfully managed 3 cases of TIF. Ventilation and temporary hemostasis were secured by a long endotracheal tube and overinflated cuff. Division of the innominate artery, restoration ...

PURPOSE: Several studies have suggested that drilling the femoral tunnel through an anteromedial arthroscopic portal during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction allows more anatomic placement of the graft. However, no studies have investigated whether the anteromedial approach results in better outcomes compared to the traditional transtibial drilling approach when a hamstring ...

Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis for lung cancer patients remains poor. Angiogenesis appears to be a promising target for lung cancer therapy; however, the clinical significance of vascular changes are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the types and morphology of blood vessels in ...

Oncogene-induced DNA replication stress is thought to drive genomic instability in cancer. In particular, replication stress can explain the high prevalence of focal genomic deletions mapping within very large genes in human tumors. However, the origin of single-nucleotide substitutions (SNS) in nonfamilial cancers is strongly debated. Some argue that cancers ...

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy has been the mainstay treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and has achieved good disease control. However, irradiation is associated with potential complications such as osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and infection. There is sparse description in the literature of such complications and how they are best managed. The objectives of the ...

Following almost 30 years of intensive research, initiated by the observation that Type 1 diabetes development is associated with a characteristic pancreatic immune cell infiltrate, a picture is emerging of which of the diverse effector arms of the immune system are involved in β-cell destruction. Like any chronic pathology, there is considerable ...

Facial impalement in childhood is very rare. In most cases, it is caused by accident. We present two young patients who suffered a facial impalement injury and were treated in the interdisciplinary emergency room of the University Hospital Bonn, Germany. The degree of injury could not be completely determined during ...

The long-term prognosis for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains poor, despite advances in treatment options that have been made in the past few decades. Recent evidence suggests that World Health Organization functional class I or II patients have significantly better long-term survival rates than patients in higher functional ...

Personal health monitoring (PHM) can be defined as comprising all technical systems, processing, collecting, and storing of data linked to a person. PHM involves several legal issues that are described in this article. This article analyses firstly the short-term actions that are needed at the European level to allow personal ...

Candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The spectrum of Candida infection is diverse, starting from asymptomatic colonization to pathogenicforms. The low absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte count has traditionally been cited as the greatest risk factor for the development of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and current guidelines suggest increased risk once ...

The spectra of Er³⁺:CaGdAlO₄ and Pr³⁺/Er³⁺:CaGdAlO₄ crystals were measured under the same conditions. With the presence of Pr³⁺ ions, the intensities of the green, red upconversion and near-infrared emissions are dramatically reduced to 1/20, 1/150, and 1/8.5 of those for Er³⁺:CaGdAlO₄. Furthermore, the lifetimes of I_11/24 upper and I_13/24 lower ...

By analysis of the far-field cross-correlation function (CCF) of partially coherent optical beams, we demonstrate an implicit rule that the number of ring dislocations (dark zones) of the far-field CCF is equal to the original topological charge of an optical vortex rendered partially coherent. This novel link between an optical ...

OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated management of illness, including access to specialist mental health care, among people identified by general practitioners as clinically depressed. METHODS Australian primary care practitioners recruited in 2009 completed case reports and collected self-report assessments from five to seven consecutively presenting patients whom they identified as having ...

Although progress has been made to reduce global incidence of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) during the past decade threatens to undermine these advances. XDR-TB has been found to be associated with scarce therapeutic options and high mortality rates. We describe the ...

Autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome (AES) is a disorder characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, painful bruising in patients with underlying psychosis and neurosis. Its pathogenesis is uncertain. Purpuric lesions reproduced by injections of washed autologous erythrocytes suggest an autoimmune etiology. The authors described a 50-year-old woman who presented with recurrent episodes of painful ...

In the clinical setting, drug resistance remains a significant obstacle for successful chemotherapy. Bcl-2/adenovirus EIB 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. To address its potential as a therapeutic target for chemosensitisation, this study investigated the effect of BNIP3 expression on chemosensitivity and reversal of ...

The possibility that endocrine factors may influence the clinical course of malignant melanoma is suggested by the superior survival data of women. In preclinical models we observed a higher rate of colony formation by human melanoma cells in male compared to female SCID mice, but only in the case of ...

To investigate the protective role of Cardiospermum halicacabum (C. halicacabum) leaf extract on glycoprotein metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by intraperitonial administration of STZ. The C. halicacabum leaf extract (CHE) was administered orally to normal and STZ-diabetic rats for 45 days. ...

To detail the presentation of two elite female soccer players with right thigh pain that occurred during training. This article will outline the investigation, diagnosis and management of their cases. The patients presented with anterior thigh pain following injuries incurred during training camp. Both were diagnosed with acute muscular strain ...

We propose a photodetector (PD) based on the internal photoemission effect over a Schottky barrier on a CMOS-compatible Si microring resonator for 1.55 μm. To analyze the device, we model the microring waveguide partially covered by a metal/silicide nanolayer, using the Z-transform method. The proposed structure benefits from the resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) ...

Autophagy is upregulated during ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced and cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Proximal tubule-specific Atg7 knockout mice exhibited increased renal injury compared with wild-type mice following cisplatin- and IR-induced AKI. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine aggravated AKI, whereas upregulation of autophagy by rapamycin recovered lost renal function and histology, further ...

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases, with a high incidence of associated valvular lesions and aortic abnormalities including aortic stenosis( AS), aortic regurgitation, aortic dilatation, and aortic dissection. Patients with BAV and AS often have a small aortic annulus. We encountered a ...

Council and committee structure Updating the profession's disciplinary machinery These were among matters discussed at the RCVS Council meeting held at Belgravia House in London on November 1. The President, Jacqui Molyneux, was in the chair.

Fibrosarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin. Despite advances in medical and surgical treatment, patient survival rates have remained poor. According to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, tumors are comprised of heterogeneous cell populations that have different roles in tumor formation and growth. Cancer stem cells are ...

INTRODUCTION: Combining bone marrow (BM) with graft materials can stimulate bone healing. However, bone growth is not quantified in most studies, and the influence of the rate of interconnectivity of ceramics loaded with bone marrow has not yet been quantified. Here, a rabbit model of posterolateral intertransverse arthrodesis was used ...

In a previous study, the formation and formation pathway of 6-propylbenzofuran-7-ol as an off-flavor compound formed from ascorbic acid and (E)-hex-2-enal in a test apple beverage was investigated. In the present study, elucidating the pH, temperature, and (E)-hex-2-enal and ascorbic acid concentrations that lead to the generation of 6-propylbenzofuran-7-ol in ...

Triterpene saponins in the roots of Beta vulgaris cultivars Red Sphere, Rocket and Wodan were profiled and quantitated using reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS). Results obtained indicated that the roots of all three cultivars contained 11 saponins consisting of oleanolic acid or hederagenin aglycone and ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic features of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder (NECB) on CT and to review the literature regarding carcinogenesis, treatment, and prognosis. METHODS: The presenting CT of patients with pathology-proven NECB were retrospectively reviewed for features including size and appearance ...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication of left heart disease arising from a wide range of cardiac disorders. In the clinical classification, PH associated with left heart disease is classified as Group 2, which includes left heart systolic dysfunction, left heart diastolic dysfunction and left heart valvular disease. In ...

Seasonal affective disorder is a combination of biologic and mood disturbances with a seasonal pattern, typically occurring in the autumn and winter with remission in the spring or summer. In a given year, about 5 percent of the U.S. population experiences seasonal affective disorder, with symptoms present for about 40 ...

A modified Luneburg lens based on Hamiltonian optical transformation with planar feeds is proposed in this Letter. The lens, made of conventional all-dielectric materials, does not have any kind of anisotropy. Therefore, in theory, its bandwidth of operation has no upper frequency limitations in contrast with recent designs utilizing metamaterials. ...

A low-threshold solid-state UV laser using a whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator constructed from UV transparent crystalline material is demonstrated. Using a Ce³⁺:LiCaAlF₆ resonator, we observe broad bandwidth lasing (280-330 nm) with a low threshold intensity of 7.5×10⁹  W/m² and an effective slope efficiency of ∼25%. The lasing time delay dynamics in ...

This Letter presents a computational model for saliency detection in natural images. While existing approaches usually make use of low-level or high-level visual features for establishing the saliency models, our method relies on midlevel visual cues, i.e., the superpixel representation of the image. In the proposed approach, the given image ...

In this review the authors discuss persistent and cumulative alterations in both cognitive and motor function after sports concussions detected with some of the newest, most sophisticated brain investigation techniques. Ranging from subclinical neurophysiological alterations in young concussed athletes to quantifiable cognitive and motor function declines in former athletes in ...