ABSTRACT. Ultraviolet radiation from solar exposure is a key extrinsic factor responsible for premature skin aging (i.e., photo-aging). Recent advances using in vivo multiphoton tomography (MPT) demonstrate the efficacy of this approach to assess intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging as an alternative to existing invasive techniques. In this study, we ...

Nitric oxide (NO) seems to play an important role during renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We investigated whether rutin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reduces 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation in the kidneys of rats during I/R. Wistar albino rats were nephrectomized unilaterally and, 2 weeks later, subjected to 45 minutes ...

Vascular disease affecting the spinal can cause substantial neurologic morbidity. Several vascular spinal cord ailments present as neurologic emergencies, and should thus be recognizable to the practicing neurologist. We review the epidemiology, presentation, management strategies, and prognosis of various pathologies, including infarction, dural arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous malformation, cavernous malformation, compressive ...

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with distinguishing features from multiple sclerosis. Understanding of clinical presentation, immunopathology, and imaging features has changed during the last decade. The identification of NMO immunoglobulin G and aquaporin 4 as the target antigen in this disease ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of locked versus nonlocked lateral fibular bridge plating of comminuted, unstable ankle fractures in a mode of catastrophic failure. We created comminuted Weber C fractures in 8 paired limbs from fresh cadavers. Fractures were plated with either standard or ...

Recognizing stiff person syndrome is clinically important. It is uncommon, characterized by body stiffness associated with painful muscle spasms, and varies in location and severity. It is subdivided into stiff trunk versus stiff limb presentation, and as a progressive encephalomyelitis. Stiff person-type syndrome also reflects a paraneoplastic picture. Most patients ...

Individuals infected with both HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have shown impaired performance on different neuropsychological (NP) tests; however, whether coinfected individuals with controlled HIV and minimal liver damage in the era of antiretroviral therapy have impairment is understudied. Nineteen HCV monoinfected, 17 HIV/HCV coinfected, and 17 control male ...

Spinal cord tumors are uncommon neoplasms that, without treatment, can cause significant neurologic morbidity and mortality. The historic classification of spine tumors is based on the use of myelography with 3 main groups: (1) extramedullary extradural, (2) intradural extramedullary, and (3) intradural intramedullary. This chapter focuses on intramedullary spinal cord ...

Cardiac retransplantation remains the most viable option for patients with allograft heart failure; however, careful patient selection is paramount considering limited allograft resources. We analyzed clinical outcomes following retransplantation in an academic, tertiary care institution. Between 1981 and 2011, 593 heart transplantations, including 22 retransplantations were performed at our institution. ...

There are few surgical approaches for treating humeral shaft fractures. Here we present our results using a subbrachial approach. We conducted a retrospective case series involving patients who had surgery for a humeral shaft fracture between January 1994 and January 2008. We divided patients into 4 groups based on the ...

The differential of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is broad and includes multiple conditions that can cause and mimic myelopathy. In adults older than 55 years of age, CSM is the most common cause of myelopathy. This article summarizes the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnostic evaluation, and natural history of ...

We investigated 18-month incidence and determinants of death and loss to follow-up of children after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a multiregional collaboration in lower-income countries. HIV-infected children (positive polymerase chain reaction <18 months or positive serology ≥18 months) from International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS cohorts, <16 years, initiating ...

Spine trauma is a devastating clinical condition that affects many people annually on a worldwide basis. Management of spinal trauma has become much more surgically oriented with advances in stabilization techniques over the past two decades. The degree of injury to the spinal cord dictates the prognosis of the patient ...

This review article identifies and describes the clinical manifestations of various metabolic, nutritional, and toxic conditions that result in symptoms of myelopathy and, in some cases, myeloneuropathy. It includes discussions of the clinical pictures that occur secondary to these causes. Familiarity with the clinical symptoms may lead to accurate diagnosis ...

Spinal cord motor neuron diseases affect lower motor neurons in the ventral horn. This article focuses on the most common spinal cord motor neuron disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which also affects upper motor neurons. Also discussed are other motor neuron diseases that only affect the lower motor neurons. Despite the ...

Transverse myelitis (TM) includes a pathobiologically heterogeneous syndrome characterized by acute or subacute spinal cord dysfunction resulting in paresis, a sensory level, and autonomic (bladder, bowel, and sexual) impairment below the level of the lesion. Etiologies for TM can be broadly classified as parainfectious, paraneoplastic, drug/toxin-induced, systemic autoimmune disorders, and ...

Paraneoplastic causes are a rare but important diagnostic consideration when evaluating myelopathy because neurologic symptoms may herald a diagnosis of cancer. Spinal cord MRI findings of longitudinally extensive, symmetric, tract-specific T2-signal changes occasionally with gadolinium enhancement are characteristic. Detection of neural-specific autoantibodies assists in confirming the diagnosis and guides the ...

Many clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS) may be attributed to spinal cord disease. MS may have classic presentation or a more complex presentation. MS is mainly a relapsing remitting disease, but there is also an insidious form that is progressive, known as primary progressive MS (PPMS). PPMS may not ...

The spinal cord controls the voluntary muscles of the trunk and limbs and receives sensory input from these areas. It extends from the medulla oblongata to the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra. A basic knowledge of spinal cord anatomy is essential for interpretation of clinical signs and symptoms ...

The Swedish adjustable gastric band VC (SAGB-VC) has been in use in Australia since 2007. We evaluated its efficacy and safety. We retrospectively analyzed the prospective clinical data of patients who received the implant between November 2007 and June 2009 at 3 Australian bariatric centres. In all, 1176 patients (mean ...

Spasticity is a common component of those with spinal cord dysfunction. Spasticity can lead not only to pain and potential secondary complications such as contracture and pressure sores but also to significant functional impairment. The clinician must identify specific goals of spasticity treatment and assess the potential benefit of spasticity, ...

By supplementing an index composed of HIV biomarkers and age (restricted index) with measures of organ injury, the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index more completely reflects risk of mortality. We compare the accuracy of the VACS and restricted indices (1) among subjects outside the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, (2) ...

On the basis of the results of in-silico predictions and in an effort to extend our structure-activity relationship studies, the aromatic nitrogen mustard 2-[4-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl) amino-phenyl]butanoic acid (2-PHE-BU) was synthesized and conjugated with various steroidal alcohols. The resulting steroidal esters were evaluated for their in-vivo toxicity and antileukemic activity in P388-leukemia-bearing ...

Traditional upper blepharoplasty typically involves resection of excess upper eyelid skin and muscle with or without fat excision. Well-established concepts in periorbital aging have been challenged by newer morphologic and histologic studies that have characterized the changes that occur in the various periorbital soft tissue components. Several modified or adjunctive ...

This article outlines current concepts in aging brows and lids, and focuses on the current "evolution" to the 3-dimensional construct. Relevant anatomy is reviewed in detail because thoughtful analysis of the underlying anatomy, ethnicity, gender, and goals of each patient will greatly enhance our ability to address site-specific corrections to ...

The use of flow displacement systems for studying initial bacterial adhesion to surfaces is mostly confined to transparent substrata. The objective of this study was to investigate a method based on macroscopic fluorescence imaging to enumerate adhering fluorescent bacteria on non-transparent substrata, real-time and under flow. To this end, a ...

To determine the relationship between refractive error as measured by autorefraction and that measured by trial frame refraction among a sample of adults with vision impairment seen in a university-based low-vision clinic and to determine if autorefraction might be a suitable replacement for trial frame refraction. A retrospective chart review ...

Cold spray metal embedment is an innovative antifouling (AF) technology that delivers metal particles with AF properties into many thermoplastic polymers. AF efficacy was quantified for low (22.1 ± 4.8 g m(-2)) and high (101.1 ± 10.8 g m(-2)) densities of copper particles embedded into polyurethane (PU) seismic streamer skins, which are used in ...

Loss of volume in the temples is an early sign of aging that is often overlooked by both the physician and the patient. Augmentation of the temple using soft tissue fillers improves the contours of the upper face with the secondary effect of lengthening and lifting the lateral brow. After ...

Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by tumors is associated with metastatic migration and invasion of tumor cells. The importance of CXCR4 expression by uveal melanomas in metastasis to the liver was recently demonstrated when injection of CXCR4-negative uveal melanoma cells into mice resulted in reduced liver metastasis compared with ...

Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is one of the most common facial plastic surgeries performed in the United States. Understanding how brow position contributes to the upper eyelid appearance is essential. Consistent and desirable surgical outcomes are best achieved with a detailed knowledge of periorbital anatomy. The surgeon must understand patients' expectations ...

To determine the function of tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR2) in retinal development and ischemia-induced revascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Mice with a global deletion of TNFR2 (TNFR2-KO) or with a vascular endothelial cell (EC)-specific TNFR2 transgene (TNFR2-TG) were compared to wild-type C57BL/6 mice (WT). Retinal vasculature development ...

The focus of this article is treatments of the brow and upper lid, in the context of appreciating their relationship to the forehead and periorbital complex to best evaluate and treat. This material is focused on treatments designed to stimulate collagen synthesis, as well as improve fine lines, wrinkles, and ...

The physician and surgeon will find here a detailed and comprehensive discussion of nonsurgical rejuvenation tools and techniques, along with thoughtful insights into evaluating and treating the aging upper face, such as the concept of visualizing a "periorbital frame" that is bordered by the eyebrows, glabella, temporal fossa, and superior ...

Recent studies have established the fact that multiple members of the Rgg family of transcriptional regulators serve as key components of quorum sensing (QS) pathways that utilize peptides as intercellular signaling molecules. We previously described a novel QS system in Streptococcus pyogenes which utilizes two Rgg-family regulators (Rgg2 and Rgg3) ...

BACKGROUND:: To determine the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 and FGF21 and the endocrine FGFs receptor system in the metabolic alterations that manifest in HIV-1-infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). METHODS:: Serum FGF19 and FGF21 levels were determined in 4 groups of individuals as follows: (1) HIV-1-infected ...

Phase 0 studies can provide initial pharmacokinetics (PKs) data in humans and help to facilitate early drug development, but their predictive value for standard dosing is controversial. To evaluate the prediction of microdosing for active intracellular drug metabolites, we compared the PK profile of 2 antiretroviral drugs, zidovudine (ZDV) and ...

Bacteria utilize a large multiprotein chemosensory array to sense attractants and repellents in their environment. The array is a hexagonal lattice formed from three core proteins: a transmembrane receptor, the His kinase CheA, and the adaptor protein CheW. The resulting, highly networked array architecture yields several advantages including strong positive ...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exemplifies the family of receptor tyrosine kinases that mediate numerous cellular processes, including growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Moreover, gene amplification and EGFR mutations have been identified in a number of human malignancies, making this receptor an important target for the development of anticancer drugs. In ...

Cytochrome P450 (P450) 2E1 is the major enzyme that oxidizes N-nitrosodimethylamine [N,N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)], a carcinogen and also a representative of some nitrosamines formed endogenously. Oxidation of DMN by rat or human P450 2E1 to HCHO showed a high apparent intrinsic kinetic deuterium isotope effect (KIE), ≥8. The KIE was not ...

There is a substantial international body of research that supports the value of the use of multisource feedback (MSF) for physician performance assessment. In this issue, Wright and colleagues add to this body of literature by examining two instruments designed to collect MSF from large cohorts of patients and colleagues ...

Solitary coronal shear fractures of femoral condyle, such as Hoffa's fracture, are usually associated with supracondylar or intercondylar fractures of the femur. These fractures are rare and seen in the context of high energy mechanism leading to multiple injuries; therefore a thorough workup of the patient is required to rule ...

Early fixation (<24 hour) of femur fractures with an intramedullary nail (IMN) has been associated with a decreased incidence of pulmonary complication (PC) in stable trauma patients. Early fixation is in accordance with the "two-hit" hypothesis, that is, an increase in proinflammatory markers during Days 3 to 5 after injury, ...

We propose a sequential Meta-Cognitive learning algorithm for Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (McFIS) to efficiently recognize human actions from video sequence. Optical flow information between two consecutive image planes can represent actions hierarchically from local pixel level to global object level, and hence are used to describe the human action in ...

This report focuses on the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics organ procurement organization's efforts to increase deceased organ and tissue donation by using social media and personalized messages targeting members of university student organizations, their families, and their friends. A grant from the US Department of Health and Human ...

Research results show that health literacy is an important concept in nursing. It has a positive effect on the health of individuals as well as on the costs of the healthcare system. The results of a comprehensive literature search (1980 - March 2009) revealed that the concept of health literacy ...

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a common medical diagnosis by exclusion. In these cases, fever is the predominant symptom of an underlying disease. We describe the case of a 60-year old patient with FUO. Intensive search for the causative disease was carried out. Unfortunately all the investigations remained fruitless. ...

: This study examined differences in outcomes of provision of mothers' milk before and after implementation of a single-family room (SFR) neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and described issues related to long-term milk expression. : The sample included 40 mothers (15 in the original NICU and 25 in the SFR ...

Exercise induced asthma (EIA) common in endurance and other athletes limits physical activity. Although a correlation between recurrent childhood bronchitis and the development of asthma has been reported, its relation to EIA in adult athletes has not been assessed. The study evaluates the EIA risk after recurrent childhood wheezing (RCW) ...

ABSTRACT:: Pleural effusions in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, whether transudative or exudative, can occur in up to 30% of cases. This disorder is always reversible but may have various clinical presentations and degrees of severity. Although assessing for risk factors to predict clinical severity is helpful, it is rare for ovarian ...