New technologies in gene transfer combined with experimental embryology make the chicken embryo an excellent model system for gene function studies. The techniques of in ovo electroporation, in vitro culture for ex ovo electroporation and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer have already been fully developed in chicken. Yet to our knowledge, there ...

: More than half of all rectal cancers are T3 lesions, but they are classified as a single-stage category. : The aim of this study was to validate prognostic significance of mesorectal extension depth in T3 rectal cancer. : This study is a retrospective analysis of oncologic outcomes of patients ...

The aims of this study were to determine the serum antifactor Xa levels in patients with impaired glomerular filtration receiving low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), monitor efficacy and complications during treatment, and determine the approach to dose adjustments of LMWH by using antifactor Xa levels in different levels of kidney dysfunction in ...

Homocysteine (Hcy) is metabolized through two pathways, requiring folates and B6-12 vitamins as cofactors. Increased Hcy concentration is responsible for early atherosclerosis with possible acute cardiovascular events. Ample evidence has demonstrated that Hcy lowering with folic acid and B vitamin supplementation, even if reduces Hcy serum levels, is unable to ...

A nutrition support algorithm is an operational version of a guideline that is adapted to local requirements and easy to apply in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of implementing a nutrition support algorithm on nutrition care outcomes in an intensive care unit (ICU) ...

An efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro multiplication of Bauhinia tomentosa L. was developed. Multiple shoots were regenerated from cotyledonary node and stem nodal segments excised from in vitro raised seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 μM) of ...

: High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia, the putative anal carcinoma precursor, is more common in HIV-infected persons. The ideal treatment for these lesions has not been established. : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of infrared coagulation treatment for high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. : This is a ...

: The ideal surgery following seton insertion for high anal fistulas remains debatable. : This study aimed to compare the success between the endorectal advancement flap and the ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract techniques as the definitive procedure following seton placement. : This study is a retrospective review. : This ...

The interaction between the pathogenic ascomycete Alternaria brassicicola and Arabidopsis was investigated by metabolite profiling. The effect of A. brassicicola challenge on metabolite levels was substantial, with nearly 50% of detected compounds undergoing significant changes. Mutations blocking ethylene, jasmonic acid, or ethylene signaling had little effect on metabolite levels. The ...

The pediatric difficult airway can be unexpected, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Standardized emergency airway equipment should be available on a regularly checked difficult airway trolley (DAT). We conducted a survey to investigate pediatric anesthetists' knowledge, experience, and confidence with the DAT. Members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists ...

It is well established that dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids is associated with anti-inflammatory effects, and this has been linked to modulation of the oxylipin and endocannabinoid metabolomes. However, the amount of data on specific tissue effects is limited, and it is not known how inflammation affects this relation. ...

: To compare the efficacy of topical cyclosporine [0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA)] and preservative-free artificial tears in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). : A 3-month prospective, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group controlled trial enrolled 70 patients with symptomatic MGD and unstable tear film [tear breakup time (TBUT) <8 seconds]. Patients ...

The mortality rates of fungal infections that affect the central nervous system are high in consequence of the absence of effective antifungal drugs with good penetration across the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In the present work in vitro antifungal activities of three good penetrating non-antifungal drugs (amantadine ...

: The IPAA has become established as the preferred technique for restoring intestinal continuity postproctocolectomy. The ideal pouch design has not been established. W-pouches may give better functional results owing to increased volume, whereas the J-pouch's advantage is its straightforward construction. We report short- and long-term results of an randomized ...

Several molecular chaperones are known to be involved in bacteria stress response. To investigate the role of chaperone ClpB in rhizobia stress tolerance as well as in the rhizobia-plant symbiosis process, the clpB gene from a chickpea microsymbiont, strain Mesorhizobium ciceri LMS-1, was identified and a knockout mutant was obtained. ...

Aging is associated with increased levels of coagulation factors and decrease in natural anticoagulant factors. This strongly supports that age-related hypercoagulable state occurs in elderly. This study aimed to measure the plasma levels of coagulation factors and anticoagulant levels in young and elderly to observe the effect of age on ...

It is now well established that prenatal sensory experience affects development itself and has long-term consequences in terms of postnatal behavior. This study focused on the functionality of the sensory system in cuttlefish in ovo. Embryos of stage 23, 25 and 30 received a tactile, chemical or visual stimulus. An ...

The reversal of low-molecular-weight heparins, particularly at supratherapeutic levels, remains challenging. The paucity of literature available to guide the treatment of these patients makes their management difficult for primary care providers, surgeons, and subspecialists alike. We report the case of a 34-year-old woman, who intentionally overdosed on enoxaparin (Lovenox) in ...

Recent studies have shown that central nervous system neurons in weakly electric fish respond to artificially constructed electrosensory envelopes, but the behavioral relevance of such stimuli is unclear. Here we investigate the possibility that social context creates envelopes that drive behavior. When Eigenmannia virescens are in groups of three or ...

: To evaluate the indications and outcomes of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) performed within the first 2 weeks of presentation in the management of patients with acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). : A retrospective chart review from January 1998 to May 2011 identified 128 SJS/TEN patients ...

Aims: ADVISE was a 12-week, multicenter, randomized, prospective, open-label, parallel-group study comparing combination therapy of nifedipine GITS 30 mg plus valsartan 80 mg (N + V) with high-dose valsartan (160 mg) monotherapy (V160) in Asian patients with hypertension. Methods: Patients with hypertension inadequately controlled with valsartan 80 mg for at least 4 weeks were randomized. The coprimary ...

: The learning curve for laparoscopic colorectal surgery has not been conclusively analyzed. No reliable framework for case selection during training is available. : The aim of this study was to analyze thelength of the learning curve of laparoscopic colorectal surgeons and to recommend a case selectionframework at the early ...

: To characterize the range of symptoms experienced by pregnant methadone-maintained (MM) and buprenorphine-maintained (BM) women to determine whether these differ from those experienced by a control group of nonopioid exposed pregnant women. Opioid-maintained (OM) patients report high rates of symptoms related to direct opioid effects and withdrawal. Pregnancy is ...

Low circulating serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (referred to hereafter as vitamin D) have been correlated with many health conditions, including chronic pain. Recent clinical practice guidelines define vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml as deficient and levels of 21-29 ng/ml as insufficient. Vitamin D insufficiency, including the most severe levels ...

: Stimulation of the pudendal nerve or the anal sphincter could provide therapeutic options for fecal incontinence with little involvement of other organs. The goal of this project was to assess the effects of pudendal nerve and anal sphincter stimulation on bladder and anal pressures. : Ten virgin female Sprague ...

Dual antiplatelet medication with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel is the main therapy for patients with stable coronary vessel disease (CVD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite platelet inhibition subgroups of patients have been shown to exhibit an increase of risk for adverse cardiovascular events. The aim of our study ...

MACHADO V., LEONIDAS C., SANTOS M.A. & SOUZA J. (2012) Psychiatric readmission: an integrative review of the literature. International Nursing Review59, 447-457 Background:  In the global context of contemporary psychiatric deinstitutionalization, the phenomenon of psychiatric readmission imposes important challenges, as it exposes the fragility of the network of mental health ...

Abstract Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush on thiamine-replete and thiamine-depleted diets were evaluated for the effects of thiamine status on in vivo responses to the T-dependent antigen trinitophenol (TNP)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), the T-independent antigen trinitrophenol-lipolysaccaharide (TNP-LPS), or Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS; negative control fish). Plasma antibody concentrations were evaluated for ...

: Only a limited number of instruments can be used in single-access laparoscopic colectomy, and triangulation must be forfeited to avoid instrument collision. We investigated whether this problem could be overcome by performing laparoscopic colectomy by the use of the lateral decubitus position, making full use of gravity. : The ...

Cognitive impairment is a common feature of both lead exposure and hyperphosphorylation of tau. We, therefore, investigated whether lead exposure would induce tau hyperphosphorylation. Wistar rat pups were exposed to 0.2% lead acetate via their dams' drinking water from postnatal day 1 to 21. Lead in blood and brain were ...

The toxicity, in terms of changes in the DNA content, of two food preservatives, sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate was studied on the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis using DNA image analysis technology. For this purpose, selected doses of both food additives were administered for 2 h to protozoa cultures and DNA ...

: Annual screening for anal cancer is recommended only for HIV patients at increased risk: men who have sex with men, individuals with a history of anogenital warts, and women with cervical dysplasia. : The aim of this study was to examine the screening outcomes between HIV populations with and ...

In both Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV)-infected and HCRSV coat protein (CP) agroinfiltrated plant leaves, we showed that sulfur metabolism pathway related genes-namely, sulfite oxidase (SO), sulfite reductase, and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase-were upregulated. It led us to examine a plausible relationship between sulfur-enhanced resistance (SED) and HCRSV infection. We broadened ...

By employing in silico tools, we devised new chloroplast microsatellite primers for inferring phylogenetic relationships within Brassicaceae. Microsatellite repeats were scanned in 12 chloroplast genomes of Brassicaceae, regions flanking these repeats were aligned and 19 universal primers were designed. Fifteen of these primer pairs are predicted to yield polymorphic amplicons, ...

: As the population ages, an increasing number of elderly persons will undergo surgery for rectal cancer. The use of sphincter-sparing surgery in frail older adults is controversial. : The aim of this study was to examine mortality and bowel function after proctectomy in nursing home residents. : This is ...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) encompasses a variety of clinical syndromes ranging from mild to life-threatening conditions. As such, it represents an interesting model for the development of an analytically based scoring system of disease severity and/or host response. Here we test the feasibility of this concept using (1)H NMR based ...

: Sacral nerve stimulation is a recognized treatment for fecal and urinary incontinence. Few articles have been published about patients presenting with both types of incontinence. : The aim of this study was to report the functional results in patients operated on for simultaneous fecal and urinary incontinence by the ...

In the rare scenario when it is impossible to oxygenate or intubate a child, no evidence exists on what strategy to follow. The aim of this study was to compare the time and success rate when using two different transtracheal needle techniques and also to measure the success rate and ...

Local excision, alone or in combination with chemoradiation, is increasingly considered for rectal cancer. Higher risks of disease recurrence have been demonstrated after local excision. The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of current-era multimodality salvage for recurrent rectal cancer after local excision. This was a single-institutional ...

Exercise has been accepted and generally recommended for the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and for improving the overall quality of life in affected individuals. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the overall effects of exercise (acute bouts of exercise and chronic exercise [or training]) on acute and ...

Potyvirus resistance in Capsicum spp. has been attributed to amino acid substitutions at the pvr1 locus that cause conformational shifts in eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E. The viral genome-linked protein (VPg) sequence was isolated and compared from three Tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains, highly aphid-transmissible (HAT), Mex21, and N, which ...

We previously reported the costs associated with surgery for chronic ulcerative colitis in the Olmsted County population and found that direct medical costs after surgery were significantly reduced compared with before surgery. However, in that study, costs associated with chronic medical therapy for ulcerative colitis were not assessed in nonsurgical ...

Members of the calcium/cation antiporter superfamily, including the cardiac sodium/calcium exchangers, are secondary active transporters that play an essential role in cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. A notable feature of this group of transporters is the high levels of sequence similarity in relatively short sequences constituting the functionally important α-1 and α-2 ...

Purpose Current trends in immunosuppressive therapies for renal transplant recipients are reviewed. Summary The common premise for immunosuppressive therapies in renal transplantation is to use multiple agents to work on different immunologic targets. The use of a multidrug regimen allows for pharmacologic activity at several key steps in the T-cell ...

Purpose The results of a survey to determine reasons for the slow adoption of prescribing authority by hospital pharmacists in the Canadian province of Alberta are presented. Methods A Web-based survey was conducted to elucidate pharmacist perspectives on additional prescribing authorization (APA), which permits independent prescribing by Alberta pharmacists who ...

Case Law is intended to provide pharmacists with timely information about recent court decisions that may affect pharmacy practice. Each installment includes pertinent background information, excerpts from the opinion of the court, and brief commentary. The contributing editor for the section is David B. Brushwood, B. Pharm., J.D., Professor, Pharmaceutical ...

Purpose The stability of i.v. acetaminophen beyond the manufacturer-recommended usage limit of six hours for opened vials was evaluated. Methods Intravenous acetaminophen (10 mg/mL) was obtained. Three identical samples of 100 mg (10 mL in a 10-mL syringe), 250 mg (25 mL in a 30-mL syringe), 500 mg (50 mL ...

We challenged the performance of our previous heroin vaccine with a similar vaccine containing a more hydrolytically stable hapten analogue and a Th1 adjuvant (CpG ODN). Our results indicate that the elements of our previous vaccine are essential for its anti-heroin potency, i.e., a chemically labile hapten and an exclusively ...

Purpose Privileges for administering nonvaccine injectable medications among pharmacists in the United States were assessed. Methods An e-mail inquiry on specific protocols for the administration of injectables was sent to the state boards of pharmacy (BOPs) for all 50 states and the District of Columbia that had a valid e-mail ...

Purpose The impact of a collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) agreement enabling pharmacist-managed direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) therapy was evaluated. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to compare selected outcome measures between cohorts of adults who received argatroban or bivalirudin therapy for suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) before (n = ...