Mechanisms linking maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) to intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) and programming of adult disease remain to be established. The impact of controlled MNR on maternal and fetal amino acid metabolism has not been studied in non-human primates. We hypothesised that MNR in pregnant baboons decreases fetal amino acid ...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms of a relatively indolent nature whose incidence and prevalence are increasing. Despite the advances made in the field of NETs over the past years, these tumors eventually progress to metastatic disease in most of the patients, with a fatal ...

There has been remarkable progress during the past decade in understanding of how genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters contribute to observed variation in drug responsiveness. Among drug transporters, the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) class of transporters have proven to be remarkably important to the cellular uptake ...

Activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) is an endothelial transforming growth factor β receptor involved in angiogenesis. ALK1 expression is high in the embryo vasculature, becoming less detectable in the quiescent endothelium of adult stages. However, ALK1 expression becomes rapidly increased after angiogenic stimuli such as vascular injury. To characterize the molecular ...

The present study was designed to analyse the usefulness of a modified Calgary score system during differential diagnosis between cardiac syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-associated syncope through a large sample sized clinical investigation. The study included 213 children, including 101 boys and 112 girls, with cardiac syncope or postural ...

A novel micelle formulation of paclitaxel (PTX) has been prepared for the purpose of prolonging the blood circulation time as well as modifying the biodistribution of PTX in comparison to a current PTX formulation, Taxol injection. This work was designed to investigate the preparation, in vitro release, in vivo pharmacokinetics, ...

Stability is one of the main requirements for commercializing fuel cell electrocatalysts for automotive applications. Platinum is the best-known catalyst for oxygen reduction in cathodes, but it undergoes dissolution during potential changes while driving electric vehicles, thus hampering commercial adoption. Here we report a new class of highly stable, active ...

This study tested a novel intervention to influence restaurant customer ordering behavior, with measurements at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months postintervention in four owner-operated restaurants in the Midwest. A sample of 141 to 370 customers was surveyed at each time point. The response rate was 70% to 84% ...

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant vascular disorder with three disease-causing genes identified to date: ENG, ACVRL1, and SMAD4. We report an HHT patient with allelic dropout that on routine sequence analysis for a known mutation in the family (c.817-3T>G in ENG) initially seemed to be homozygous for ...

It has been repeatedly shown that the auditory N1 is enhanced for sounds presented at an attended time point. The present study investigated the underlying mechanisms using a temporal cuing paradigm. In each trial, an auditory cue indicated at which time point a second sound could be relevant for response ...

The goal of the present study was to find evidence for a multisensory generalization effect (i.e., generalization from one sensory modality to another sensory modality). The authors used an innovative paradigm (adapted from <citationReference id="cr5-1" rid="c5">Brunel, Labeye, Lesourd, & Versace, 2009</citationReference>) involving three phases: a learning phase, consisting in the ...

Abstract Objective: This study identified the impact of intensive therapy on neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and determined the effects on the postpartum metabolic status of the mothers. Research Design and Methods: In total, 127 pregnant women with GDM were randomly selected to receive an intensive ...

Lysosomal storage diseases are metabolic disorders characterized by the accumulation of acidic vacuoles, and are usually the consequence of the deficiency of an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of vesicular lipids, proteins or carbohydrates. In contrast, mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), results from the absence of a vesicular Ca ( 2+) ...

Quantum-chemical calculations reveal that metallic carbide endohedral fullerene Y(2)C(2)@C(84) possesses a novel fullerene cage, C(1)(51383)-C(84), with one pair of pentagon adjacencies. One of the encapsulated yttrium atoms is located on the adjacent pentagons, while the other stays on a hexagonal ring in the fullerene cage. As one of numerous metallic ...

Isoselenazolones were synthesized by a copper-catalyzed Se-N bond forming reaction between 2-halobenzamides and selenium powder. The catalytic activity of the various isoselenazolones was studied in the bromolactonization of pent-4-enoic acid. Isoselenazolone 9 was studied as a catalyst in several reactions: the bromolactonization of a series of alkenoic acids with bromine ...

Prolactin is essential for normal mammary gland development and differentiation, and has been shown to promote tumor cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Soluble isoforms of the prolactin receptor have been reported to regulate prolactin bioavailability by functioning as "prolactin binding proteins." Included in this category is Δ7/11, a product of ...

The generalized term 'peripheral vascular disease' (PVD) may be used to refer to vascular disorders in any non-coronary arterial bed. The more specific term 'peripheral arterial disease' (PAD) is used to refer to a more specific process, atherosclerotic disease of the lower extremities. PAD is common. Conservative estimates suggest more ...

The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria reflects both, a gradual, completely Darwinian evolution, which mostly yields slight decreases in antibiotic susceptibility, along with phenotypes that are not precisely characterized as "resistance"; and sudden changes, from full susceptibility to full resistance, which are driven by a vast array of horizontal ...

The effects of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) interacting with single-celled green algae, Chlorella sp., have been found to be bilateral. Specifically, our electron microscopy, plant cell, and fluorescence assays showed that the adsorption and aggregation of ZnO NPs compromised algal cell morphology, viability and membrane integrity, resulting from zinc ion dissolution ...

Thermally activated, untethered microgrippers can reach narrow conduits in the body and be used to excise tissue for diagnostic analyses. As depicted in the figure, the feasibility of an in vivo biopsy of the porcine bile duct using untethered microgrippers is demonstrated.

ABSTRACT DLBCL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease with an association to inflammation and viral infections. We hypothesize that environmental factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles of lymph node tissues from DLBCL patients from two different geographical areas with ...

The fate of nanoparticles in organisms is of significant interest. In the current work, we used a test system with terrestrial isopods (Porcelio scaber) fed with food spiked with Cu NPs or soluble Cu salt for 14 days. Two different doses were used for spiking to yield final concentrations of ...

Gold nanoparticles encapsulated in porous carbon spheres with high surface areas (∼800 m(2) g(-1)) have been synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). The porous carbon-encapsulated gold nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic activity toward the reductions of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nitroaromatics.

The aim of the current work is to present results of computer simulations, which show influence of kinetic effects on evaporation of pinned sessile water droplets of submicron size placed on a heat conductive substrate. The computer simulation model takes also into account the following phenomena: influence of curvature of ...

A photosensitizer, pyropheophorbid-a (PPa), is conjugated to SKBR-3 breast cancer cell-specific biological nanowire phage, to form a novel PPa-phage complex, which is further successfully used in selectively killing SKBR-3 breast cancer cells by the mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Energy transfer in phycobilisomes, a macro complex of phycobiliproteins and linker proteins, is a process that has been difficult to understand completely. A model for a rod composed by two hexamers of Phycocyanin and two hexamers of Phycoerythrin was built using an in silico approach and the three dimensional structures ...

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of infancy. Imiquimod, an immune-response modifier, has been proven effective and safe in the treatment of superficial and mixed hemangiomas, but severe local reactions caused by imiquimod have been reported sporadically. To evaluate the safety of imiquimod 5% cream and the sequelae ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The photobiological effect of laser light on cells and tissues originates from light absorption by endogenous chromophores and hence it depends on the wavelength of light source and cell type. Earlier studies regarding the biostimulation effects of green laser light investigated a wide variety of cells but ...

A total of 339 water samples obtained from 90 locations in Korea from 2007 to 2011 were tested for the presence of enteric viruses (EV), total coliforms (TC), and fecal coliforms (FC). A total culturable virus assay revealed that 89 samples (26.3%) were positive for EV, and the average concentration ...

Maternal folic acid (FA) supplementation is well recognised to protect against neural tube defects. Folate is a critical cofactor in one-carbon metabolism involved in the epigenetic regulation of transcription that underpins development. Thus, it is possible that maternal FA supplementation may have additional, unforeseen persistent effects in the offspring. This ...

Abstract We investigated the anthropometric, physiological and maturation characteristics of young players (13-14 years old) associated with being successful in basketball. Body parameters were measured (stature, total body mass, skinfolds and lengths) and physiological capacities were assessed by endurance, sprint (20 m), jump and dribbling tests. Chronological age (CA) was recorded ...

Background: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by high levels of perseveration and inflexibility, which interfere with successful treatments. Dopamine (DA) signalling seems to play a key role in modulating the prefrontal cortex, since both DA deficiency and excess nega tively influence the efficiency of cognitive functions. The present study explores the ...

Engineered nanomaterials, defined as having at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm, have revolutionized many technology sectors ranging from therapeutics and diagnostics to environmental monitoring and remediation. This has resulted in a rapid increase in their manufacture over the past few years, accompanied by an increased human exposure potential. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is a global epidemic posing problems for both developed and developing nations. The prevalence is particularly alarming in developed nations, such as the United States, where approximately one in three school-aged adolescents (ages 12-19) are overweight or obese. Evidence suggests that ...

The effects of plasma lipid overload on pancreatic islet function and on mineral imbalance are issues under debate. However, the outcomes may be biased by the different metabolisms of different species. This prospective study evaluated whether a high fat diet intake changed the distribution of physiologically relevant elements within pancreatic ...

BACKGROUND: Biophysical measures to assess that skin water includes stratum corneum hydration via capacitance (SC), dermal water via tissue dielectric constant (TDC), and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Since skin differs among anatomical sites and tissue depth we sought to determine the site and depth variability of these measures and their ...

Sixty Angus steers (449.2 ± 11.0 kg) with implanted body temperature (BT) transmitters were used in a 110-d study to determine the effect of chronic stress (housing, diet, and climate) on extracellular heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) concentration in plasma. The steers were a subset of a larger study involving ...

PURPOSE: This study tested the hypothesis that topical Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 7 agonist imiquimod promotes anti-tumor immunity and synergizes with other treatments in a model of skin-involving breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: TSA mouse breast carcinoma cells were injected s.c. into syngeneic mice. Imiquimod 5% or placebo cream was applied topically ...

The envelope of the influenza virus undergoes extensive structural change during the viral life cycle. However, it is unknown how lipid and protein components of the viral envelope contribute to its mechanical properties. Using atomic force microscopy, here we show that the lipid envelope of spherical influenza virions is ∼10 ...

The near-infrared (NIR) electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of water-dispersed Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs) with ultrasmall size was presented for the first time. The Ag2Se QDs have shown a strong and efficient cathodic ECL signal with K2S2O8 as coreactant on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in aqueous solution. The ECL spectrum exhibited ...

Plant interactions with bio-control associated microbes are adroitly used as experimental models to understand thriving resistant related plant-molecular adaptations. In a hydroponic three-way interaction study, a novel Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 mediated mechanism was found to establish resistance to Rhizoctonia solani infection in Brassica oleracea var. capitata plantlets. The R. ...

AIM: To analyse compliance of cigarette packets with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and national legislation and the policy actions that are required in eight former Soviet Union countries. METHODS: We obtained cigarette packets of each of the 10 most smoked cigarette brands in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, ...

Purpose: Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic, can selectively enhance the expression of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), the most abundant astrocytic glutamate transporter expressed in the cortex. It has been found to have neuroprotective effects when administered prior to brain ischemic damage or during the acute phase post-stroke, but its effects in ...

OBJECTIVEFollowing trimodality treatment for superior sulcus tumours (SSTs), the 5-year survival rate has significantly improved. Quality of life and potential negative effects of this strategy have become more important. The objective of this study was to investigate the quality of life and the arm and shoulder function after the resection ...

Most techniques for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging require linear propagation to detect nonlinear scattering of contrast agent microbubbles. Waveform distortion due to nonlinear propagation impairs their ability to distinguish microbubbles from tissue. As a result, tissue can be misclassified as microbubbles, and contrast agent concentration can be overestimated; therefore, these artifacts ...

A small library of 8-substituted 9-deazaxanthines has been prepared by late-stage diversification of an 8-bromo-9-deazaxanthine. By utilizing palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions a single key precursor can be transformed into a variety of 8-substituted-9-deazaxanthine compounds. Three key 8-bromo-9-deazaxanthine intermediates were efficiently prepared from commercially available 6-chlorouracil in six steps.

Our objective was to evaluate raw-meat diets for captive exotic and domestic carnivores containing traditional and alternative raw meat sources, specifically, beef trimmings, bison trimmings, elk muscle meat, and horse trimmings. We aimed to examine: diet composition and protein quality; apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility in domestic cats, ...

The transport of IgG across the epithelial barrier and into the circulation is achieved in part by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), and this provides passive immunity to the neonate. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time and feeding state on IgG absorption, intestinal morphology, ...

Vitamin B(1) is essential for all organisms being well recognized as a necessary cofactor for key metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, and was more recently implicated in DNA damage responses. Little is known about the enzyme responsible for the formation of the pyrimidine moiety (4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P) synthase). We report ...

Study Type - Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Small case series support the safety and efficacy of tubeless PCNL with fibrin sealant. However, there is a paucity of data from larger case series supporting this approach. To our ...