Tamoxifen is a triphenylethylene non-steroidal antiestrogen anticancer agent. It also shows inhibitory effects on metastasis of estrogen receptor (EsR)-independent tumors, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. It was demonstrated in this study that, in EsR-negative and highly metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells, tamoxifen inhibited cell migration, volume-activated Cl(-) currents ...

The new sterically demanding aminoiminophosphorane Ph(2) P(NDip)(NHDip) (Dip=C(6) H(3) -2,6-iPr(2) ; LH, 1) has been prepared as a precursor to the potassium complex [LK] (2) and a series of heteroleptic zinc(II) complexes, namely [(LZnBr)(2) ] (3), [LZnMe] (4), [LZnEt] (5), and [(LZnI)(2) ] (6). The products have been obtained either ...

Products are increasingly incorporating nanomaterials, but we have a poor understanding of their adverse effects. To assess risk, regulatory authorities need more experimental testing of nanoparticles. Computational models play a complementary role in allowing rapid prediction of potential toxicities of new and modified nanomaterials. We generated quantitative, predictive models of ...

Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) has recently emerged as a candidate marker of endothelial damage in AD. We investigated the relationship between plasma levels of folate, vitamin B12, Hcy, and TFPI, as ...

Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex (CC)398 isolates colonise livestock, and can spread to human contacts. Genetic analysis of isolates epidemiologically associated with human-to-human, but not livestock, transmission in multiple countries and continents, identified a common clade that was negative for tetM and positive for bacteriophage 3. Another group of human-to-human transmitted ...

XMetA, a high-affinity, fully human monoclonal antibody, allosterically binds to and activates the insulin receptor (INSR). Previously, we found that XMetA normalized fasting glucose and glucose tolerance in insulinopenic mice. To determine whether XMetA is also beneficial for reducing hyperglycemia due to the insulin resistance of obesity, we have now ...

The tunneling mechanisms of electron transfers (ETs) in photosynthetic reaction center of Blastochloris viridis are studied by the ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method combined with the generalized Mulliken-Hush (GMH) and the bridge Green function (GF) calculations of the electronic coupling T(DA) and the tunneling current method for the ...

BACKGROUND: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. We investigated the usefulness of an Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigen assay as a diagnostic tool for IA in pediatric cancer patients and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. PROCEDURE: The GM antigen assay results were analyzed ...

The binding of integrase (IN) to lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 in large part determines the efficiency and specificity of HIV-1 integration. However, a significant residual preference for integration into active genes persists in Psip1 (the gene that encodes for LEDGF/p75) knockout (KO) cells. One other cellular protein, HRP2, harbors ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of rifampicin based tuberculosis (TB) treatment on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine in a fixed-dose combination tablet, and vice versa, in Tanzanian TB/HIV co-infected patients. DESIGN: Phase II, open label, multiple doses, pharmacokinetic and safety study. METHODS: This study was conducted in TB/HIV co-infected Tanzanian patients ...

Ciliate microzooplankton are important grazers in most pelagic ecosystems and among them, tintinnids, with their largely species-specific loricas, allow relatively easy assessment of questions of diversity and distributions. Herein, we present the results of a survey of species records of tintinnids from the Southern Ocean (locations below 40°S) reported in ...

Periodicity of repetitive linear enamel hypoplasia (rLEH) in apes from high latitudes with single wet and dry seasons annually has not been described. We reconstruct periodicity and duration of rLEH in canine teeth from three recently deceased chimpanzees from Fongoli, Senegal with a marked seven-month dry season. High-resolution dental molds ...

Conventional droplet generation approaches in digital microfluidics show ~10% variation in droplet volumes and are restricted to creating only small volumes. In this work, we demonstrate a new approach for splitting sample volumes precisely by gradually ramping down voltage, in place of abruptly switching off electrodes. This allows us to ...

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine how vigorous physical activity (recreational physical activity) (VPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity as a part of daily life (MVPA) is associated with structural characteristics (availability of sports facilities and sports clubs with child members) in Greenlandic adolescents. Material and ...

Background The impact of transnasal endoscopic approaches to the central skull is still increasing. Its use in small children (i.e., under the age of 5 years) is of questionable value.Patients and Methods The present study is a description of a series of five children under the age of 5 years with lesions ...

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to evaluate whether noninvasive ultrasonic tissue characterization of carotid plaque using integrated backscatter (IBS) analysis can be a predictor of future cardiovascular events (CVE) in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe prospectively evaluated the association between Calibrated-IBS value, an ultrasonic marker for ...

  There is concern that the use of topical corticosteroids in patients with eczema herpeticum may facilitate dissemination of herpes simplex virus and worsen disease. Our primary aim therefore was to determine whether topical corticosteroid use in children hospitalized with eczema herpeticum is associated with longer hospital length of stay ...

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the activity of lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) by Cassiae seed in the DBA/2J mouse glaucoma model. Methods: Young male (mean age: 3 months) inherited glaucoma mice (BDA/2J) were enrolled in this study. To evaluate the potential of Cassiae seed in the treatment of glaucoma, all subjects ...

Income inequality undermines societies: The more inequality, the more health problems, social tensions, and the lower social mobility, trust, life expectancy. Given people's tendency to legitimate existing social arrangements, the stereotype content model (SCM) argues that ambivalence-perceiving many groups as either warm or competent, but not both-may help maintain socio-economic ...

Systemic Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infections are associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a disorder characterised by simultaneous thrombosis and bleeding, which ultimately leads to multiple organ failure and thrombocytopenia [1]. S. aureus secretes pathogenic proteins including the Staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (SSLs); a protein family structurally homologous to the superantigens (SAg). ...

HtpX is an integral cytoplasmic membrane metalloprotease well conserved in numerous bacteria. A recent study showed that expression of the Bacillus subtilis htpX gene is under dual negative control by Rok and a novel type of transcriptional regulator, YkrK. Here we report that expression of the B. subtilis htpX gene ...

BackgroundBecause follicular lymphoma (FL) patients have heterogeneous outcomes, the FL international prognostic index (FLIPI) was developed to risk-stratify patients and to predict survival. However, limited data exist regarding the role of FLIPI in the era of routine first-line rituximab (R) and R-chemotherapy regimens and in the setting of community oncology ...

Six new anti-tuberculosis compounds in 4 classes are presently in clinical trials. Although these show substantial promise for drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis, the presently planned studies of these compounds will not inform their optimal use, as each will be tested singly vs. placebo with existing drugs, rather than in new regimens. ...

The type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD2) converts active glucocorticoids to their inactive derivatives (ex. cortisol to cortisone). In most vertebrates, 11βHSD2 is essential for conferring aldosterone-specific actions in mineralocorticoid target tissues and for protecting glucocorticoid-sensitive tissues during stress. However, teleosts do not synthesize aldosterone, and the function of 11βHSD2 is ...

A simple, precise, accurate and robust high-performance liquid chromatography assay was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of metoclopramide and paracetamol in human urine. The drugs were isolated from urine samples by solid-phase extraction using C8 cartridges, then analyzed on a C18 reversed-phase column using a mixture of aqueous ...

Factor Xa (FXa) is a critical blood coagulation enzyme that is activated by proteolysis from its precursor factor X (FX) [1]. The generation of FXa is initiated by tissue factor (TF)/factor VIIa (FVIIa)-dependent extrinsic tenase complex and then amplified by factor VIIIa (FVIIIa)/factor IXa (FIXa)-dependent intrinsic tenase complex. Thus, FX ...

Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is initially overexpressed in two-thirds of all breast cancer and is involved in its development and proliferation. We previously reported that the RBCC protein interacting with PKC 1 (RBCK1) interacts with the ERα promoter and that RBCK1 expression positively correlates with ERα levels, expression of ERα downstream ...

Single-step amination: The N-iodosuccinimide (NIS)-catalyzed amidation of acetophenone derivatives by using tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant is presented. A variety of acetyl derivatives of heterocyclic compounds were easily converted to their corresponding ketoamides under these conditions. A new, NIS-catalyzed amination of propiophenone and its derivatives in the presence of TBHP ...

Cognitive enhancers (nootropics) are drugs to treat cognition deficits in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, stroke, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or aging. Cognition refers to a capacity for information processing, applying knowledge, and changing preferences. It involves memory, attention, executive functions, perception, language, and psychomotor functions. The term nootropics ...

Lung ischemia reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathologic process occurring when oxygen supply to the lung has been compromised followed by a period of reperfusion. The disruption of oxygen supply can occur either via limited blood flow or decreased ventilation termed anoxic ischemia and ventilated ischemia, respectively. When reperfusion occurs, ...

Sortases are a class of enzymes that anchor surface proteins to the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Lactobacillus casei BL23 harbors four sortase genes, two belonging to the A class (srtA1 and srtA2) and two belonging to class C (srtC1 and srtC2). Class C sortases were clustered with genes encoding ...

OBJECTIVEType 1 diabetes is a common chronic childhood disease, and the incidence is increasing globally. Childhood infections are considered a potential environmental trigger of type 1 diabetes. Alternatively, improved hygiene and reduced childhood infections could explain the increase in type 1 diabetes in developed countries. The association of reported illnesses ...

The present review focuses on the past and recent knowledge in the field of exercise hemorheology and presents some unresolved issues for opening discussion. Acute exercise is associated with a rise in hematocrit which results in an increase in blood viscosity. Whereas increased blood viscosity was previously viewed as having ...

HIV entry involves binding of the trimeric viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120/gp41 to cell surface receptors, which triggers conformational changes in Env that drive the membrane fusion reaction. The conformational landscape that the lipids and Env navigate en route to fusion has been examined by biophysical measurements on the microscale, ...

RNAi plays important roles in many biological processes, including cellular defense against viral infection. Components of the RNAi machinery are widely conserved in plants and animals. In mammals, microRNAs (miRNAs) represent an abundant class of cell encoded small noncoding RNAs that participate in RNAi-mediated gene silencing. Here, findings that HIV-1 ...

Inter-individual susceptibility to mutagens/carcinogens can be assessed by either genotyping DNA repair genes in different pathways or phenotyping DNA repair capacity (DRC) at the molecular or cellular level. Due to the large number of known DNA repair genes, and the interactions between repair pathways, phenotyping is becoming the preferred approach ...

We examined the relation between adalimumab and infliximab plasma trough levels, anti-adalimumab and anti-infliximab antibody formation. We analyzed plasma from 32 adalimumab-treated and 20 infliximab-treated psoriasis patients for evaluating trough levels of each drug. The presence of anti-adalimumab and anti-infliximab antibodies was analyzed and the severity of psoriasis was evaluated. ...

Metal ion homeostasis is a critical function of many integral and peripheral membrane proteins. The genome of the etiologic agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum, is compact and devoid of many metabolic enzyme genes. Nevertheless, it harbors genes coding for homologs of several enzymes that typically require either iron or zinc. ...

This study aimed to examine the acute effects of cryotherapy on knee position sense and to determine the time period necessary to normalize joint position sense when exercising after cryotherapy. 12 subjects visited the laboratory twice, once for cryotherapy followed by 30 min of exercise on a cycloergometer and once for ...

Heterodinuclear ruthenium(ii)-cobalt(iii) complexes have been prepared as part of investigations into a new approach to selective cancer treatment. A cobalt(iii) centre bearing amine ligands, which serve as models for cytotoxic nitrogen mustard ligands, is connected by a bridging ligand to a ruthenium(ii)-polypyridyl moiety. Upon excitation of the ruthenium centre by ...

Multiscale models of cardiac electromechanics are being increasingly focused on understanding how genetic variation and environment underpin multiple disease states. In this paper we review the current state of the art in both the development of specific models and the physiological insights they have produced. This growing research body includes ...

Conosilane A (1), a novel sesquiterpene with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, was isolated from the cultures of the basidiomycete Conocybe siliginea. Its structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configuration was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Conosilane A was found to inhibit 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase significantly.

We have developed a nickel-catalyzed method for the asymmetric cross-coupling of secondary electrophiles with secondary nucleophiles, specifically, stereoconvergent Negishi reactions of racemic benzylic bromides with achiral cycloalkylzinc reagents. In contrast to most previous studies of enantioselective Negishi cross-couplings, tridentate pybox ligands are ineffective in this process; however, a new, readily ...

We present growth curves of 1,726 Turkish children with Down syndrome (DS) between 0 and 18 years of age and investigate the factors that affect growth including congenital heart disease (CHD) and hypothyroidism. Longitudinal measurements of height, weight, and head circumference (HC) were assessed and accompanying major malformations were recorded. ...

To explore agreement between the Family Confusion Assessment Method (FAM-CAM) for delirium identification and interviewer-rated CAM delirium ratings. Exploratory analysis of agreement. Community. Fifty-two family caregivers and 52 elderly adults with preexisting impairment according to standardized cognitive testing. The interviewer-rating for delirium was determined by fulfillment of the CAM algorithm ...

A procedure was evaluated for the extraction of 16 free fatty acids (FFAs) from liver. Ultrasonic energy was used for the extraction and the variables affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated. The best conditions for extraction were: 2 mL isopropanol-n-hexane (3:2, v/v), 20 min and 80 w. Recoveries ranging from ...

This paper explores and advocates the use of sequential multiple methods as a contemporary strategy for undertaking research. Sequential multiple methods involve the use of results obtained through one data collection method to determine the direction and implementation of subsequent stages of a research project (Morse, 1991; Morgan, 1998). This ...

Enzymatic recognition of SeLNA nucleotides was investigated. KOD XL DNA polymerase was found to be an efficient enzyme in primer extension reactions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of SeLNA-modified DNA templates was also efficiently achieved by Phusion and KOD XL DNA polymerases.

The interaction between philopatry and nonrandom mating has important consequences for the genetic structure of populations, influencing co-ancestry within social groups but also inbreeding. Here, using genetic paternity data, we describe mating patterns in a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) which are associated with marked consequences for co-ancestry ...

Objectives. This study's purpose was to investigate changes in perceived overprotection - a problematic aspect of close relationships - over time in relationship to instrumental support receipt and vision rehabilitation service use in a sample of older adults with vision impairment. Methods. Participants were 584 older adults with chronic vision ...