This article provides a conceptual base for population oral health measurement and argues that problems associated with particular indices are subject to the basic issues of knowing what to measure and the level of measurement required to address the object of study and provide clear information about the health of ...

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression are prevalent among post-conflict populations worldwide but controversy about the cultural meaning of these symptoms, particularly in relation to PTSD, adds to the challenge for psychiatry in mounting appropriate intervention programmes. Accumulating scientific evidence assists in guiding the focus and scope ...

Many medical schools have student-run free clinics (SRFCs), yet their educational value has not been well studied. We performed a one-time cross-sectional survey to assess medical student perceptions of the educational value of an SRFC at their institution. The authors designed and validated a survey instrument including six statements on ...

Resonant photon tunneling was investigated experimentally in multilayer structures containing a high-contrast (TiO₂/SiO₂) Bragg mirror capped with a semitransparent gold film. Transmission via a fundamental cavity resonance was compared with transmission via the Tamm plasmon polariton resonance that appears at the interface between a metal film and a one-dimensional photonic ...

Tears of the proximal long head of the biceps tendon are among the most common tendon tears in the body. In most cases, the diagnosis is easily determined based on the history and physical examination. However, malignant soft tissue tumors can simulate proximal biceps tendon tears. Although tumors simulating tears ...

Conversion to sirolimus (SRL)-based immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients is an alternative for chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD), cancer and viral infections. We sought to analyze the indications for and safety and efficacy of conversion to SRL among renal transplant patients. We examined a retrospective cohort, using medical records of renal ...

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is regarded as the current treatment of choice for non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), though its efficacy is limited by high recurrence and progression rate. Identification of factor prognosticators that might be helpful in discriminating between responders and nonresponders to BCG treatment is therefore ...

Human breast tumors are infiltrated by memory CD4+ T cells along with increased numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) that facilitate immune escape and correlate with poor prognosis. Here we report that ICOS, a T cell co-stimulatory molecule of the CTLA4/PD1/CD28 family, is expressed mostly ...

Significance. The worldwide blood shortage has generated a significant demand for alternatives to whole blood and packed red blood cells for use in transfusion therapy. One such alternative involves the use of acellular recombinant hemoglobin as an oxygen carrier. Recent Advances. Large amounts of recombinant human hemoglobin can be expressed ...

BACKGROUND: Recent research has proposed a new method for defining a favorable outcome in traumatic brain injury and stroke research. PURPOSE: This new method is called the sliding dichotomy, and it is suggested as a potential solution to the problem of underpowered clinical trials. METHODS: We present a brief simulation ...

One of the fastest developing fields in analytical spectrochemistry in recent years is ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS). This burgeoning interest has been due to the demonstrated advantages of the method: simple mass spectra, little or no sample preparation, and applicability to samples in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state. ...

Our objective was to monitor chondrocyte gene expression at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days following in vitro impaction to the articular surface of porcine patellae. Patellar facets were either axially impacted with a cylindrical impactor (25 mm/s loading rate) to a load level of 2,000 N or not impacted ...

When do children develop the ability to imagine their future lives in terms of a coherent prospective life story? We investigated whether this ability develops in parallel with the ability to construct a life story for the past and narratives about single autobiographical events in the past and future. Four ...

The Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein HopZ is regulated by a phase-variable CT repeat and occurs in two distinct allelic variants. Whole-genome comparisons of isolates from one human volunteer recently provided evidence for in vivo selection for the hopZ ON status. We explored the frequency of sequence variation in hopZ ...

The potential for nicotinic ligands with affinity for the α4β2 or α7 subtypes to treat such diverse diseases as nicotine addiction, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders has been exhibited clinically for several compounds while preclinical activity in relevant in vivo models has been demonstrated for many more. For several ...

For prostate cancer, Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) has been identified as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Fluorinated derivatives of 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid were designed and synthesized to explore whether this fluorine-substituent is tolerated in the pentanedioic acid moiety which is common to almost all PSMA targeting small molecule inhibitors. The ...

These guidelines are intended to assist psychologists, other health care providers, administrators in health care delivery systems, and the public to conceptualize the roles and responsibilities of psychologists in these diverse contexts. These guidelines are informed by the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct ("APA Ethics Code"; APA, ...

New zwitterionic polymer-coated immunoaffinity beads were developed to resist nonspecific protein adsorption from undiluted human serum for diagnostic applications of exosomes. A zwitterionic sulfobetaine monomer with an amine functional group was employed for a simple surface chemistry and antifouling properties. An exosomal biomarker protein, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was ...

What is the difference between far and further? Investigations into such psychological distancing-removal from an egocentric reference point-have suggested similarities between geographical space, time, probability, and social distance. We draw on these similarities to propose that experiencing any kind of distance will reduce sensitivity to any other distance. Nine studies ...

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) represents an ancient endosymbiosis between plant roots and Glomeromycota fungi. Strigolactones (SLs), plant-derived terpenoid lactones, activate hyphal branching of AM fungi before physical contact. Lack of SL biosynthesis results in lower colonization of AM fungi. The F-box protein, DWARF3 (D3), and the hydrolase family protein DWARF14 (D14) ...

Poly(ß-hydroxyl amine)s are prepared from readily available small molecular building blocks at ambient conditions. These macromolecules can be transformed into main-chain cationic polymers upon quaternization of the backbone amine units. The modular and mild nature of the synthesis allows for incorporation of multiple (2-4) chemically distinct reactive sites in the ...

Objective: To investigate the role of fluorescein angiography (FA) in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm newborns. Methods: An observational case series of 13 extremely low birth weight infants. From September 2009 to March 2010, 13 newborn infants with a gestational age <29 weeks end/or birth weight ...

Understanding cardiovascular physiology, pharmacology, and treatment of shock is heavily emphasized in current medical school and surgical training. Performance of individuals in treatment of critical illness remains poor despite regular didactic sessions. We have developed a PC computer-based simulator capable of integrating basic hemodynamic parameters to dynamically generate a realistic ...

To take an overview of the history and future of oral health surveillance. A brief review of the history and policy context of national surveys and equivalent large surveys of oral health and their objectives followed by an analysis of their fitness for modern purpose. The quality of oral health ...

Research on exercise identity (EXID) indicates that it is related to negative affect when exercisers are inconsistent or relapse. Although identity theory suggests that causal attributions about this inconsistency elicit negative self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt, no EXID studies have examined this for exercise relapse. Weiner's attribution-based theory of ...

A proof-of-concept multiwindow fiber-optic sensor utilizing multiple particle plasmon resonance (PPR) of silver nanoparticles and gold nanorods separately on two unclad portions of the fiber for multianalyte detection is demonstrated. The detection is based on intensity interrogation of multiple wavelengths by a single detector. Time division multiplexing is employed to ...

We propose a new method for three-dimensional (3D) position measurement of nanoparticles using an in-line digital holographic microscope. The method improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the amplitude of the interference fringes to achieve higher accuracy in the position measurement by increasing weak scattered light from a nanoparticle relative to the ...

Despite the frequency of open fractures, their management remains one of the greatest and most debated orthopedic challenges. The current challenges that health care faces financially and clinically offer an opportunity to develop a universal reliable, reproducible, evidence-based protocol. The authors review the current evidence concerning the acute management of ...

Considering the challenges faced by members of the Intrahospital Committee of Organ and Tissue Donation for Transplantation (CIHDOTT) of a Brazilian hospital complex in Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte in the execution of multiple donations of organs and tissues, this study aimed to investigate the issues involved in the intention ...

Lung transplantation has become a standard procedure for some end-stage lung diseases, but primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is an inherent problem that impacts early and late outcomes. The aim of this study was to define the incidence, risk factors, and impact of mechanical ventilation time on mortality rates among a ...

Recent work suggests that executive functions, the cornerstone of higher-level cognitive operations, are driven by basic information processing abilities. Using structural equation modeling, with latent variables, the present study provides the first evidence that this driving force begins in infancy, such that abilities in infancy predict executive functions at age ...

AIMS: Clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG) presentation of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and idiopathic right ventricular outflow-tract tachycardia (RVOT) may be similar. The aim of the study was to assess the validity and utility of T-wave integral measurement as an ECG discriminator of patients with ARVC and RVOT ...

Previous studies have shown that soybean fermentation products can act as cancer chemoprevention or therapeutic agents. In this study, the anticancer activities of a fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture (BN999) were investigated. We found that BN999 inhibited the growth of human breast cancer AU565 cells ...

Estrogen actions are largely dependent on the intracellular estrogen receptor (ER) levels. During aging the decline of estrogens or ER leads to a loss in antiinflammatory protection and an increase in oxidant stress due to changes in mitochondrial function. Estrogens/ER may also coordinate signaling between the nucleus and mitochondria through ...

We conducted a pre-post feasibility trial of Healthy Eating for Life, a theory-based, multimedia English as a second language curriculum that integrates content about healthy nutrition into an English language learning program to decrease cancer health disparities. Teachers in 20 English as a second language classrooms delivered Healthy Eating for ...

A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/ divinylbenzene (DVB) coated stir bar was prepared by sol-gel technique for the stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) of four estrogens from animal-derived foods, followed by liquid desorption (LD) and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection. The influence of the coating composition on SBSE of target ...

Obesity and its associated disorders, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), which improves protein malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis, reduces the risk of HCC in these patients with obesity. In the present study, the effects of BCAA supplementation on the ...

Throughout infection, pathogenic bacteria induce dramatic changes in host transcriptional repertoires. An understanding of how bacterial factors influence host reprogramming will provide insight into disease pathogenesis. In the human respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, pertussis toxin (PT) is a key virulence factor that promotes colonization, ...

Halkjelsvik, T., Rognaldsen, M. & Teigen, K. H. (2012). Desire for Control and Optimistic Time Predictions. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. Few studies have investigated individual differences in time predictions. We report two experiments that show an interaction between the personality trait Desirability of Control and reward conditions on predictions of ...

Background: Fast dynamic stretching has a positive effect on rate of force development in ice hockey players. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the influence of fast dynamic stretching (FDS) of the gluteus maximus muscle on rate of force development.Subjects/Methods: This study included 12 healthy ice hockey ...

Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is involved in patterning and morphogenesis of most organs in the developing mammalian embryo. Despite many advances in understanding core components of the pathway, little is known about how the activity of the Hh pathway is adjusted in organ- and tissue-specific developmental processes. Mutations in EVC or ...

The IL-1 family members IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33 are potent cytokines in relationship to amplifying the CD4(+) T cell cytokine production. To evaluate their impact on in vitro-differentiated human Th1 and Th2 cultures, such cultures were established from naive T cells, purified from healthy blood donors, and reactivated in the ...

The hierarchical architecture and complex biologic functions of native sheath make its biomimetic substitute a daunting challenge. In this study, a biomimetic bi-layer sheath membrane consisting of hyaluronic acid-loaded Poly(ε-caprolactone) (HA/PCL) fibrous membrane as the inner layer and PCL fibrous membrane as the outer layer was fabricated by a combination ...

Objective : To determine if the addition of a video link to the existing phone connection, enabling patients admitted for mental and behavioural disorders to be seen by a centrally located psychiatrist or mental health clinician, would change the probability of these patients being transferred to the central mental health ...

Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in tumors can cause metastatic dissemination and treatment resistance, but its study poses a challenge because of a paucity of noninvasive imaging strategies. In this study, we address this issue by reporting the development of a noninvasive tool to assess tumor IFP and interstitial hypertension-induced ...

This paper describes from the editors' perspective step-by-step how to configure and write a manuscript for the Handchirurgie Mikrochirurgie Plastische Chirurgie with the goal to make a successful and quick publication easier.

This presentation focuses on the use of dental therapists as substitutes for dentists in the provision of some aspects of dental care. Our premise is that the use of therapists is a 'good thing' if it delivers a higher quality service. The care that may be provided by therapists is ...

Low back pain is one of the most common reasons for visits to physicians in the ambulatory care setting. Estimated medical expenditures related to low back pain have increased disproportionately relative to the more modest increase in the prevalence of self-reported low back pain in the past decade. The increase ...

SUMMARY:: Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, early-onset childhood occipital epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos syndrome [PS]) and late-onset childhood occipital epilepsy (Gastaut type [LOCE-G]) are the principal pediatric focal epilepsy syndromes. They share major common characteristics: the appearance and resolution of electroclinical features are age related, there is a strong genetic predisposition, the ...

We demonstrate a nonlinear optical filter with ultranarrow bandwidth in cesium vapor. The optical filter operates on the 6S_1/2→7P_3/2 transition at 455 nm. The single peak transmission at the 6S_1/2, F=4→7P_3/2, F^'=5 transition is 9.7% with a bandwidth of 6.2 MHz, whereas at the 6S_1/2, F=3→7P_3/2, F^'=2, 3 (cross-over) transition is 6.1% ...