Thus far, two independent laboratories have shown that inhaled anesthetics directly affect GAPDH structure and function. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that GAPDH normally regulates the function of GABA (type A) receptor. In light of these literature observations and some less direct findings, there is a discussion on the putative ...

The concept of the cytosol as a space that contains discrete zones of metabolites is discussed relative to the contribution of GAPDH. GAPDH is directed to very specific cell compartments. This chapter describes the utilization of GAPDH's enzymatic function for focal demands (i.e. ATP/ADP and NAD(+)/NADH), and offers a speculative ...

The GAPDH gene is highly conserved with a promoter that contains several types of regulatory elements, perhaps even in a distal intron. Curiously, the transcription start site shows some ambiguity and there are codon-sharing exons at alternate exon junctions. While there is only one functional gene for GAPDH in humans, ...

There is increasing evidence to support a gene economy model that is fully based on the principles of evolution in which a limited number of proteins does not necessarily reflect a finite number of biochemical processes. The concept of 'gene sharing' proposes that a single protein can have alternate functions ...

GAPDH interacts with a plethora of diverse cellular proteins. The network of interacting partners, or interactome, is presented for GAPDH with the interacting molecules grouped into specific functional and structural categories. By organizing the binding partners in this way, certain common structural features are beginning to surface, such as acidic ...

The chapter begins with an historical perspective of GAPDH isozymes that is juxtaposed to the fact that there is only one somatic functional gene in humans that is virtually identical among the mammalian species. Over the many years of GAPDH research, dozens of labs have reported the existence of multiple ...

This chapter provides a foundation for further research into the relationship between dynamic oligomeric properties and functional diversity. The structural basis that underlies the conformational sub-states of the GAPDH oligomer is discussed. The issue of protein stability is given a thorough analysis, since it is well-established that the primary strategy ...

Pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi, generate molecules that provide them with a selective advantage, often at the expense of the host. These molecules, or virulence factors, enable pathogens to colonize the host through several mechanisms. Some molecules offer the pathogen an advantage through better adhesion to host ...

GAPDH plays a major enzymatic role in the intermediary metabolism of human tissues. In fact, the cells of all organisms require the catalytic capability of GAPDH in order to maintain adequate glycolytic flux. Even the primitive archaea rely on GAPDH in a pivotal step in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, which is ...

J proteins are a diverse family of co-chaperones that cooperate with heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) to coordinate protein quality control, especially in response to cellular stress. Current models suggest that individual J proteins might play roles in recruiting Hsp70s to specific functions, such as maintaining cell wall integrity or ...

Bone turnover markers (BTMs) predict fracture in older women, whereas data on younger women are lacking. To test the hypothesis that BTMs measured before and after menopause predict fracture risk, we performed a cohort study of 2,305 women. Women attended up to nine clinic visits for an average of 7.6 ...

NBP (nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate) drugs protect against excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. After binding to bone mineral, they are taken up selectively by the osteoclasts and inhibit the essential enzyme FDPS (farnesyl diphosphate synthase). NBPs inhibit also growth of amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum in which their target is again FDPS. A fusion ...

Carvedilol has been shown to be more effective than propranolol in decreasing portal pressure. Sufficient data from controlled trials remains limited. This trial compared the relative safety and efficacy between carvedilol and nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate in preventing variceal rebleeding. After successful control of acute esophageal variceal bleeding, eligible patients ...

For a given set [Formula: see text] of species and a set [Formula: see text] of triplets on [Formula: see text], we seek to construct a phylogenetic network which is consistent with [Formula: see text] i.e. which represents all triplets of [Formula: see text]. The level of a network is ...

Peripheral nerves have the potential to regenerate axons and reinnervate end organs. Chronic denervation and disturbed nerve regeneration are thought to contribute to peripheral neuropathy, pain, and pruritus in the skin. The capacity of denervated distal nerves to support axonal regeneration requires proliferation by Schwann cells, which guide regenerating axons ...

The purpose of this study was to describe clinical and multimodal imaging features of patients with Type 1 neovascularization who lack findings of age-related macular degeneration but instead have features consistent with long-standing central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Nonconsecutive, retrospective, observational case series. Two groups of patients were identified and analyzed. ...

Ipilimumab (Yervoy™), a recombinant monoclonal antibody targeted at cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, is approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma. In a placebo-controlled trial in previously treated patients with advanced melanoma, ipilimumab, without or with an investigational glycoprotein (gp) 100 peptide vaccine, was associated with significantly longer median overall survival ...

Cell signaling networks propagate information from extracellular cues via dynamic modulation of protein-protein interactions in a context-dependent manner. Networks based on receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), for example, phosphorylate intracellular proteins in response to extracellular ligands, resulting in dynamic protein-protein interactions that drive phenotypic changes. Most commonly used methods for discovering ...

Acne scarring is a commonly encountered yet extremely challenging problem to treat for the dermatologist. As acne scarring can lead to significant psychological distress and low self-esteem, it is of utmost importance to have effective and satisfying treatments in the physician's armamentarium. However, many treatments are unsatisfying, leading to patient ...

GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) is a ubiquitous kinase that plays a key role in multiple intracellular signalling pathways, and increased GSK3β activity is implicated in disorders ranging from cancer to Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we provide the first evidence of increased hypothalamic signalling via GSK3β in leptin-deficient ...

To determine whether polymorphisms in the sulfonamide detoxification genes, CYB5A (encoding cytochrome b(5)), CYB5R3 (encoding cytochrome b(5) reductase), or NAT2 (encoding N-acetyltransferase 2) were over-represented in patients with delayed sulfonamide drug hypersensitivity, compared with control patients who tolerated a therapeutic course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole without adverse event. DNA from 99 nonimmunocompromised ...

The α-hydroxydepsipeptide 3-carboxyphenyl N-(phenylacetyl)-α-hydroxyglycinate (5) is a quite effective substrate of serine β-lactamases and low molecular mass DD-peptidases. The class C P99 and ampC β-lactamases catalyze the hydrolysis of both enantiomers of 5, although they show a strong preference for one of them. The class A TEM-2 and class D ...

Phytochromes are red and far-red light receptors in plants that mediate critical responses to light throughout the lifecycle. They achieve this in part by targeting negatively acting bHLH transcription factors called phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) for degradation within the nucleus. However, it is not known whether protein degradation is the primary ...

Case management (CM) is a growing and evolving profession. Outcomes-based research that identifies the role of CM is needed in health care today. Case management has been recognized as a way to help patients experience high-quality and cost-effective care. The purpose of this nonexperimental, retrospective research study was to examine ...

In this study, we examined the relationship between PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and patency of the infarct-related artery after thrombolysis in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Acute STEMI patients who received thrombolytic therapy within first 12 h were included in our study. The PAI-1 4G/5G promoter region insertion/deletion polymorphism was ...

This paper presents the development of an in vivo exposure system for exposing small rodents. The system consists of four identical cylindrical waveguide chambers, each with a plastic cage for housing the animal. The chamber is fed by circularly polarized radiofrequency power in the 1.9 GHz cellular frequency band and ...

ABSTRACT: Skin penetration by radionuclide contaminants serves as a route of entry into the body and may pose a serious health risk to humans depending on the magnitude of intake. The United States Transuranium and Uranium Registry whole body Case 0262 was involved in a wound intake of plutonium at ...

Femur fractures are common long bone injuries in children. Open femur fractures; however, are uncommon. Traditionally, long-term external fixation has been recommended for treatment of these fractures. Damage control orthopedics is a well-recognized concept in adult orthopedic trauma management. Little or no literature exists demonstrating the use of damage control ...

This article examines the recent hospital emphasis on preventing hospital readmission. This article also identifies hospital programs that help prevent such readmissions by using a systematic approach to transitions of care. Hospital case management departments. A coordinated, patient-focused transition of care plan is a key element in preventing hospital readmissions. ...

ABSTRACT: The effective atomic numbers (Zeff) and electron densities (Nel) of cortical and compact bone have been computed for total and partial photon interactions (photoelectric absorption, coherent scattering, incoherent scattering, pair production in a nuclear field, pair production in an electronic field, and sum of non-coherent scattering) by computing the ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the radiation exposure of the Swiss population to interventional procedures. A nationwide survey was conducted in Switzerland. The annual effective dose per capita due to interventional procedures was found to be 0.14 mSv, corresponding to 12% of the total dose. Coronary ...

ABSTRACT: Urine is the most popular matrix used in performance testing programs (PTP) and inter-comparison programs (ICP) for bioassay. Because it comes from humans, there are concerns regarding its biosafety. For large programs, its collection can take several hours or days to complete. In addition, natural urine has an unpleasant ...

ABSTRACT: A set of 317 samples collected from wells throughout New York State (excluding Long Island) from 2003 through 2008 was used to assess the distribution of radon gas in drinking water. Previous studies have documented high concentrations of radon in groundwater from granitic and metamorphic bedrock, but there have ...

ABSTRACT: Increased lung cancer incidence has been linked with long-term exposure to elevated residential radon. Experimental studies have shown that soil ventilation can be effective in reducing radon concentrations in single-family homes. Most radon mitigation systems in the U.S. are installed by private contractors. The long-term effectiveness of these systems ...

ABSTRACT: The detection efficiency and interference susceptibility of four different types of low energy photon detectors, each with a unique geometric arrangement, were compared for direct measurement of Am deposited in the axillary lymph nodes. Although the most efficient detector was a single large 23,226 mm square phoswich detector, it ...

ABSTRACT: The potential of social media has expanded far beyond the initial function of social communication among a network of friends. It has become an increasingly important tool in risk communication to allow the dissemination of timely and accurate information to global citizens to make more informed choices regarding a ...

ABSTRACT: In radiographic examination, not all medical imaging tasks require the same level of image quality or diagnostic information. Criteria should be established for different imaging tasks to avoid excessive doses where there is no clear net benefit in the diagnosis or the image quality. An exposure index provided by ...

Examining participant-perceived change in walking provides insight into whether changes were meaningful for participants. This study examined the relationships between change scores in standardized walking outcomes and ratings of perceived change following exercise poststroke. Self- and fast-paced gait speed and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance were assessed in 22 participants ...

The adequacy of the UV Index (UVI), a simple measure of ambient solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, has been questioned on the basis of recent scientific data on the importance of vitamin D for human health, the mutagenic capacity of radiation in the UVA wavelength, and limitations in the behavioral impact ...

ABSTRACT: A sample of tritiated lanthanum nickel aluminum alloy (LaNi4.25Al0.75 or LANA.75) similar to that used at the Savannah River Site Tritium Facilities was analyzed to estimate the particle size distribution of this metal tritide powder and the rate at which this material dissolves in the human respiratory tract after ...

Case management has evolved from a grassroots method to assist patients and facilities to navigate changes in the healthcare system, to a fully fledged profession with core competencies, Standards of Practice, and an evidence-based peer review journal. With the latest healthcare reform, it is clear that case management leads to ...

Low back pain is one of the most prevalent and disabling musculoskeletal conditions affecting the working population in the United States. Informed, shared decision making among patients, clinicians, and case managers about treatment options for chronic low back pain-including the role of spinal fusion where medically necessary-can have a meaningful ...

With possibilities for radiation terrorism and intensified concerns about nuclear accidents since the recent Fukushima Daiichi event, the potential exposure of large numbers of individuals to radiation that could lead to acute clinical effects has become a major concern. For the medical community to cope with such an event and ...

Paramagnetic lanthanide ions when bound to proteins offer great potential for structural investigations that utilize solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, or optical microscopy. However, many proteins do not have native metal ion binding sites and engineering a chimeric protein to bind an ion while retaining affinity for ...

Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) self-assemble nanostructures with potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Some PAs share environmentally responsive behavior with their peptide components. Here we report a new type of PAs biologically inspired from human tropoelastin. Above a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) undergo a reversible ...

2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) is an important biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emitted by pine trees and a potential precursor of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in forested regions. In the present study, hydroxyl radical (OH)-initiated oxidation of MBO was examined in smog chambers under varied initial nitric oxide (NO) and aerosol ...

Incorporation of fluorescent nucleoside analogues into duplex DNA usually leads to a reduction in quantum yield, which significantly limits their potential use and application. We have identified two pentamer DNA sequences containing 6-methylisoxanthopterin (6-MI) (ATFAA and AAFTA, where F is 6-MI) that exhibit significant enhancement of fluorescence upon formation of ...

The extracellular enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is overexpressed in atherosclerotic plaques and in metastatic cancers. The enzyme is responsible for rupture of the plaques and for the invasion and metastasis of a large number of cancers. The ability of ultrasonic excitation to induce thermal and mechanical effects has been used ...

A blend of volatiles derived from the emissions of almonds at hull split and mechanically damaged almonds was compared to almond meal, the current monitoring standard for the insect pest navel orangeworm (NOW). Field trapping studies were performed to determine the blend's ability to attract adult NOW. The blend comprised ...

The Abl family nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Arg/Abl2 interacts with cortactin, an Arp2/3 complex activator, to promote actin-driven cell edge protrusion. Both Arg and cortactin bind directly to filamentous actin (F-actin). While protein-protein interactions between Arg and cortactin have well-characterized downstream effects on the actin cytoskeleton, it is unclear whether and ...