The technique of magnetic drug targeting deals with binding drugs or genetic material to superparamagnetic nanoparticles and accumulating these complexes via an external magnetic field in a target region. For a successful approach, it is necessary to know the required magnetic set-up as well as the physical properties of the ...

[Pt(2,2'-bpy)(1-MeC-N3)(2)](NO(3))(2) (1) (2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; 1-MeC = 1-methylcytosine) exists in water in an equilibrium of head-tail and head-head rotamers, with the former exceeding the latter by a factor of ca. 20 at room temperature. Nevertheless, 1 reacts with (en)Pd(II) (en = ethylenediamine) to give preferentially the dinuclear complex [Pt(2,2'-bpy)(1-MeC(-)-N3,N4)(2)Pd(en)](NO(3))(2)·5H(2)O (2) ...

Density functional and correlated ab initio methods were used to calculate, compare, and analyze bonding interactions in late-transition-metal alkyl and heteroatom complexes (M-X). The complexes studied include: (DMPE)Pt(CH(3))(X) (DMPE = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane), Cp*Ru(PMe(3))(2)(X) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), (DMPE)(2)Ru(H)(X), (Tp)(CO)Ru(Py)(X) (Tp = trispyrazolylborate), (PMe(3))(2)Rh(C(2)H(4))(X), and cis-(acac)(2)Ir(Py)(X) (acac = acetylacetonate). Seventeen X ligands were ...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers owing to a number of characteristics including difficulty in establishing early diagnosis and the absence of effective therapeutic regimens. A large number of genetic alterations have been ascribed to PDAC with mutations in the KRAS2 proto-oncogene thought to be ...

Optimal accuracy and precision in small-molecule profiling by mass spectrometry generally requires isotopically labeled standards chemically representative of all compounds of interest. However, preparation of mixed standards from commercially available pure compounds is often prohibitively expensive and time-consuming, and many labeled compounds are not available in pure form. We used ...

DROSHA is a nuclear RNase III enzyme responsible for cleaving primary microRNAs (miRNAs) into precursor miRNAs and thus is essential for the biogenesis of canonical miRNAs. DICER is a cytoplasmic RNase III enzyme that not only cleaves precursor miRNAs to produce mature miRNAs but also dissects naturally formed/synthetic double-stranded RNAs ...

Plant chitinases, a class of glycosyl hydrolases, participate in various aspects of normal plant growth and development, including cell wall metabolism and disease resistance. The rice (Oryza sativa) genome encodes 37 putative chitinases and chitinase-like proteins. However, none of them has been characterized at the genetic level. In this study, ...

Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescence published from 2000 to 2011 indicate that adolescents are at greater risk of experiencing trauma than either adults or children, and that the prevalence of PTSD among adolescents is 3-57%. Age, gender, type of trauma, and repeated trauma are discussed as factors ...

Develop and pilot an Internet-facilitated cognitive-behavioral treatment intervention for depression, tailored to economically disadvantaged mothers of young children. Mothers (N = 70) of children enrolled in Head Start, who reported elevated levels of depressive symptoms, were randomized to either the 8-session, Internet-facilitated intervention (Mom-Net) or delayed intervention/facilitated treatment-as-usual (DI/TAU). Outcomes ...

The goal of research on how letter identity and order are perceived during reading is often characterized as one of "cracking the orthographic code." Here, we suggest that there is no orthographic code to crack: Words are perceived and represented as sequences of letters, just as in a dictionary. Indeed, ...

Thyroid hormones (THs) act genomically to stimulate glucose transport by elevating glucose transporter (Slc2a) expression and glucose utilization by cells. However, nongenomic effects of THs are now emerging. Here, we assess how triiodothyronine (T(3)) acutely affects glucose transport and the content of GLUT4, GLUT1, and GLUT3 at the surface of ...

To explore the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on pancreatic cancer risk and overall survival (OS). The germ line DNA of 531 pancreatic cancer cases and 305 healthy controls from a hospital-based study was genotyped at SNPs previously reported to be associated with pancreatic cancer risk or clinical outcome. We ...

SUMMARY This study examined the effect of phosphoric acid (PA) etching on the bond strength and acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) formation of a two-step self-etching adhesive (SEA) system to enamel. An etch-and-rinse adhesive (EAR) system Single Bond (SB) and a two-step SEA system Clearfil SE Bond (SE) were used. Human ...

We distinguish between Bernal and rhombohedral stacked trilayer graphene using aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. By using a monochromator to reduce chromatic aberration effects, angstrom resolution can be achieved at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV, which enables the atomic structure of ABC rhombohedral trilayer graphene to be unambiguously resolved. ...

A series of novel bis-pyrazole/pyridine complexes, [Zn(2)(HL(1))(2)(μ(2)-SO(4))](2)·EtOH·H(2)O (1), [Co(2)(HL(1))(2)(μ(2)-SO(4))](2)·2DMF·6H(2)O (2), [Zn(4)(HL(1))(4)(μ(4)-SO(4))][OH](2) (3), [Zn(2)(HL(2))(2)(μ(2)-SO(4))]·2H(2)O (4), [Zn(H(2)L(2))(H(2)O)(2)](SO(4))·0.87H(2)O (5) (H(2)L(1) = 2,6-di-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine, H(2)L(2) = 2,6-di-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine), were synthesized hydrothermally from the self-assembly of Zn(II) or Co(II) with different types of bipyrazolyl/pyridine derivative ligands. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis ...

Eight new rare-earth metal-lithium-germanides belonging to the [REGe(2)](n)[RELi(2)Ge](m) homologous series have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures of the title compounds can be rationalized as linear intergrowths of imaginary RELi(2)Ge (MgAl(2)Cu structure type) and REGe(2) (AlB(2) structure type) slabs. The compounds with general formula RE(7)Li(8)Ge(10) ...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on ruminal metabolism in 8 fistulated steers. In Exp. 1, treatments were (DM basis): (1) 0 mg monensin/kg diet DM, (2) 22 mg monensin/kg diet DM, (3) 33 mg monensin/kg diet DM, and ...

Data from developing Brangus heifers (3/8 Brahman-Bos indicus x 5/8 Angus- Bos taurus; n ≈ 802 from 67 sires) registered with International Brangus Breeders Association were analyzed to detect QTL associated with growth traits and ultrasound measures of carcass traits. Genotypes were from BovineSNP50 (Infinium BeadChip, Illumina, San Diego, CA; ...

We examined the effect of three clinically used antimicrobials on Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilm detachment under flow conditions. Sodium fluoride (NaF) and chlorhexidine at MIC levels promoted biofilm detachment and inhibited detachment when concentrations were higher than the MIC and reduced detached-cell viability only at high concentrations. Ampicillin at all ...

We present a method for measuring the fluorescence from a single molecule hundreds of times without surface immobilization. The approach is based on the use of electroosmosis to repeatedly drive a single target molecule in a fused silica nanochannel through a stationary laser focus. Single molecule fluorescence detected during the ...

Gene promoter hypermethylation is now regarded as a promising biomarker for the risk and progression of lung cancer. The one-carbon metabolism pathway is postulated to affect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation because it is responsible for the generation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the methyl donor for cellular methylation reactions. This study investigated ...

Prior research suggests that older adults judge their learning as well as young adults, but given age-related differences in the processing of emotional materials, older adults may show deficits in their judgment accuracy when they study emotionally charged words. In 2 experiments, we evaluated this possibility by having young and ...

Electron transporting multi-heme cytochromes are essential to the metabolism of microbes that inhabit soils and carry out important biogeochemical processes. Recently the first crystal structure of a prototype bacterial deca-heme cytochrome (MtrF) has been resolved and its electrochemistry characterized. However, the molecular details of electron conductance along heme chains in ...

The objective of the present study was to document the relationships between selected welfare outcomes and transport conditions during commercial long haul transport of cattle (≥ 400 km; 6,152 journeys; 290,866 animals). Surveys were delivered to transport carriers to collect information related to welfare outcomes including the number of dead, ...

Two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of source, urea (U) or Optigen II (O), and level of dietary NPN on performance (Exp.1) and N balance (Exp. 2) of growing cattle. Sixty Angus crossbred steers (initial BW = 353 ± 13.9 kg) were used to evaluate performance, and fed ...

We demonstrate the use of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) graphene as an effective indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode surface modifier to engineer the organic donor-acceptor heterojunction interface properties in an inverted organic solar cell device configuration. As revealed by in situ near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure measurement, the organic donor-acceptor heterojunction, comprising copper-hexadecafluoro-phthalocyanine (F(16)CuPc) ...

The topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan is used to treat advanced colorectal cancer and has been shown to have p53-independent anticancer activity. The aim of this study was to identify the p53-independent signaling mechanisms activated by irinotecan. Transcriptional profiling of isogenic HCT116 p53 wild-type and p53 null cells was carried out ...

Our interest in chemoselective transformations has led to the discovery of unprotected aziridine aldehydes. Aziridine aldehydes belong to the amphoteric class of molecules by virtue of their dual nucleophilicity/electrophilicity. From the beginning of our studies in this area, we became aware of the ability of aziridine nitrogen to intercept cationic ...

The influence of whole-body gamma-irradiation on the antibacterial host defense against Enterococcus faecalis translocation was investigated. Mice irradiated with or without 5 Gy [(137)Cs] gamma-rays were orally infected with 10(6) CFU/mouse E. faecalis. The pathogen was detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of irradiated mice 1-4 d postinfection, whereas ...

We lack a deep understanding of genetic and metabolic attributes specializing in microbial consortia for initial and subsequent waves of colonization of our body habitats. Here we show that phylogenetically interspersed bacteria in Clostridium cluster XIVa, an abundant group of bacteria in the adult human gut also known as the ...

OBJECTIVES: A single or dual-dose strategy for myocardial protection is attractive in long operations, in avoiding the need to interrupt the procedure to re-administer cardioplegia. We hypothesized that a single administration of Bretschneider histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) crystalloid solution (Custodiol) offers myocardial protection comparable with repeated tepid blood cardioplegia. METHODS: We reviewed ...

Unique light-matter interaction at nanophotonic regime can be harnessed for designing efficient photonic and optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, lasers, and photodetectors. In this work, periodic photon nanowells are fabricated with a low-cost and scalable approach, followed by systematic investigations of their photon capturing properties combining experiments and simulations. ...

BACKGROUND: Lower levels of genomic DNA methylation in peripheral blood DNA has been associated with risk of different cancers including colon, bladder, stomach, breast, and head and neck. DNA methylation in blood has also been associated with several cancer risk factors. In order to understand the potential use of genomic ...

Growth factor-induced migration is a critical step in the dissemination and metastasis of solid tumors. Although differences in properties characterizing cell migration on two-dimensional (2D) substrata versus within three-dimensional (3D) matrices have been noted for particular growth factor stimuli, the 2D approach remains in more common use as an efficient ...

Mon1a was originally identified as a modifier gene of vesicular traffic, as a mutant Mon1a allele resulted in increased localization of cell surface proteins, whereas reduced levels of Mon1a showed decreased secretory activity. Here we show that Mon1a affects different steps in the secretory pathway including endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi traffic. siRNA-dependent ...

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged as an important mechanism of β-lactam resistance among community uropathogens. We characterized the ESBLs of a collection of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from outpatients with urinary tract infection during nationwide surveillance conducted from 2005 to 2006 in Greece, and evaluated the in vitro activity ...

An initiative of the National Physicians Alliance, the project titled "Promoting Good Stewardship in Clinical Practice," developed a list of the top 5 activities in primary care for which changes in practice could lead to higher-quality care and better use of finite clinical resources. One of the top 5 recommendations ...

Abstract Delicata abbai n. sp. collected from the small intestine of the southern long-nosed armadillo, Dasypus hybridus, from Argentina is herein described. This new species is characterized by vulvar opening within second half of body length, female tail conical ending bluntly with a terminal spine, complex spicules, presence of a ...

The structural features determining efficient biosynthesis, stability in the membrane and, after solubilization, in detergents are not well understood for integral membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Starting from the rat neurotensin receptor 1, a class A GPCR, we generated a separate library comprising all 64 codons for ...

Research within the domain of spatial working memory has not conclusively determined whether age differences exist. Under some conditions, age-equivalence has been demonstrated for location information. Under other conditions, age-equivalence has been demonstrated for identity information. In three experiments, we examined identity memory, location memory, and their combination in a ...

Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be assessed by biomonitoring of their urinary mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs). Limited information exists on the human pharmacokinetics of OH-PAHs. This study aimed to investigate the excretion half-life of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR), the most used biomarker for PAH exposure, and 9 other OH-PAHs following ...

Extrusion technology has been employed successfully to improve the nutritive value of full fat oil seeds via the shear force and heat applied during passage through the extruder, exposing more peptide bonds to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the fibrous portion of the seeds is largely intact following extrusion. Therefore, application of ...

Abstract We introduce a distinction between algorithm performance and algorithm competence and argue that bio-inspired computing should characterize the former rather than the latter. To exemplify this, we explore and extend a bio-inspired algorithm for collective construction influenced by paper wasp behavior. Despite its being provably general in its competence, ...

Ionization of ethylene, butadiene, hexatriene, octatetraene by short, intense laser pulses was simulated using the time dependent single-excitation configuration-interaction (TD-CIS) method and Klamroth's heuristic model for ionization (J. Chem. Phys. 2009, 131, 114304). The calculations used the 6-31G(d,p) basis set augmented with up to 3 sets of diffuse sp functions ...

PURPOSEMMT95 was the fourth of a series of International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) collaborations for children with high-risk nonmetastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The principal objective was to explore survival advantage for an intensified chemotherapy strategy in a randomized trial. PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom July 1995 to June 2003, 457 ...

OBJECTIVE:In 2011, the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education increased restrictions on resident duty-hours. Additional changes have been considered, including greater work-hours restrictions and lengthening residency. Program directors tend to oppose further restrictions; however, residents' views are unclear. We sought to determine whether residents support these proposals, and if so ...

The so-called bias blind spot arises when people report that thinking biases are more prevalent in others than in themselves. Bias turns out to be relatively easy to recognize in the behaviors of others, but often difficult to detect in one's own judgments. Most previous research on the bias blind ...

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes reduction of the four different ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides and is the rate-limiting enzyme in DNA synthesis. RNR is a well-established target for the antiproliferative drugs Gemzar and Hydrea, for antisense therapy, and in combination chemotherapies. Surprisingly, few novel drugs that target RNR have emerged, ...

The mechanism by which renal cell carcinoma (RCC) colonizes the lung microenvironment during metastasis remains largely unknown. To investigate this process, we grafted human RCC cells with varying lung metastatic potential in mice. Gene expression profiling of the mouse lung stromal compartment revealed a signature enriched for neutrophil-specific functions that ...

We report here for the first time the hollow, metastable, single-crystal, rhombohedral In(2)O(3) (rh-In(2)O(3)) nanocrystals synthesized by annealing solvothermally prepared InOOH solid nanocrystals under ambient pressure at 400 °C, through a mechanism of the Kirkendall effect, in which pore formation is attributed to the difference in diffusion rates of anions ...