Talin is a large scaffolding molecule that plays a major role in integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion. A role for talin in cell-cell attachment through cadherin has never been demonstrated, however. Here, we identify a novel calpain-dependent proteolytic cleavage of talin that results in the release of a 70-kD C-terminal fragment, which ...

The genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 contains three type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) called H1-, H2- and H3-T6SS. The H1-T6SS secretes three identified toxins that target other bacteria, providing a fitness advantage for P. aeruginosa, and likely contributes to bacterial pathogenesis in chronic infections. However, no specific substrates or defined ...

During chemical process development of a novel 2-aminotetralin derivative intended for use as an antidepressant, scrutiny of the by-products present in the drug molecule revealed a set of regioisomers. Detailed studies showed that this impurity issue originated from an early synthetic step in which a brominated tetralone motif was generated ...

Two constructs important to academicians and managers are the degree to which employees and customers identify with an organization, employee organizational identification (employee OI) and customer-company identification (customer identification), respectively. This research examines the effects of these identification constructs and the related construct of customer perceived similarity to employees on ...

Nuclear transcription factor Stat3 is important for proper regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) proliferation, survival, and cytokine signaling responses. A new, noncanonical role for Stat3 in mitochondrial function has been discovered recently. However, there is little information on the role(s) of mitochondrial Stat3 in ...

Being the lightest and the most abundant element in the universe, hydrogen is fascinating to physicists. In particular, the conditions of its metallization associated with a possible superconducting state at high temperature have been a matter of much debate in the scientific community, and progress in this field is strongly ...

In this study three different approaches were employed to identify key odorants in Sauvignon blanc wines. Firstly, the concentrations of the odorants were compared to their respective perception thresholds. The resulting Odor Activity Values (OAV) were transformed into a normalized and weighted measure that allows the aroma profiles of different ...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) exhibits growth inhibitory effects on various types of tumor cells, including B-cell lymphoma cells. In the present study, the role of TGF-β in the survival of Epstein-Barr virus-negative B-cell lymphoma Ramos cells was investigated. As TGF-β-induced apoptosis of Ramos cells in vitro and in vivo, we ...

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method has been developed for the fabrication of MnO2-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films for application in electrochemical supercapacitors (ES). For MWCNT applications, which depend on electrical conductivity, it is challenging to achieve dispersion and EPD of pristine MWCNT and avoid defects due to chemical treatment or functionalization. ...

Secondary diversification of antibodies through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) is a critical component of the immune response. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates both processes by deaminating cytosine residues in immunoglobulin genes. The resulting U:G mismatch can be processed by alternative pathways to give rise to a mutation ...

TpeL is a member of the family of clostridial glucosylating toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens type A, B, and C strains. In contrast to other members of this toxin family, it lacks a C-terminal polypeptide repeat domain, which is suggested to be involved in target cell binding. It was shown ...

Despite the critical role of classical dendritic cells (cDCs) in the initiation of adaptive immune responses, the genetic and phenotypic definition of cDCs remains moot. Two new studies designate Zbtb46 as a novel transcription factor that is specifically expressed in all cDCs in both humans and mice. Although Zbtb46 appears ...

OBJECTIVES: The prognostic significance of the circumferential resection margin (CRM) status in oesophageal cancer patients treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and radical resection is controversial. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether patients with cancer located at the CRM have a prognosis different from that of those with cancer within 1 mm of ...

Anti-fogging and -reflection coatings were fabricated on glass and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates by integrating solid silica nanoparticles of 25 nm (S-25) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of 45 nm via layer-by-layer assembly without any post-treatments. Superhydrophilicity and a maximum transmittance of 98.5% in the visible spectral range was achieved ...

Genotyping Plasmodium falciparum parasites in longitudinal studies provides a robust approach to estimating force of infection (FOI) in the presence of superinfections. The molecular parameter (mol)FOI, defined as the number of new P. falciparum clones acquired over time, describes basic malaria epidemiology and is suitable for measuring outcomes of interventions. ...

Chronic inflammation may play an etiologic role in ovarian and endometrial cancer, and it is hypothesized that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) decrease the risk of developing these malignancies. No prospective study with a large multiethnic population has explored this hypothesis. We investigated whether NSAID use was associated with risks of ...

The NMR spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), spin-spin relaxation time (T2) and the diffusion coefficient D were measure for 1H in a 1:17 mole % solution of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in D2O. The aim of the work was to clarify some earlier points raised regarding the utility of these measurements to convey ...

FGF-10 and its receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR2, have been implicated in breast cancer susceptibility and progression, suggesting that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling may be co-opted by breast cancer cells. We identify a novel pathway downstream of FGFR1 activation, whereby the receptor is cleaved and traffics to the nucleus, where ...

Optical properties of spin-coated titanium dioxide films have been tuned by introducing mesoscale pores into the inorganic matrix. Differently sized pores were templated using Pluronic® tri-block copolymers as surfactants in the sol-gel precursor solutions and adjusted by varying process parameters, such as polymer concentration, annealing temperature and time. The change ...

Platelet (PLT) production represents the final stage of megakaryocyte (MK) development. During differentiation, bone marrow MKs extend and release long, branched proPLTs into sinusoidal blood vessels, which undergo repeated abscissions to yield circulating PLTs. Circular-prePLTs are dynamic intermediate structures in this sequence that have the capacity to reversibly convert into ...

This article explores how self-esteem and executive resources interact to determine responses to motivational conflict. One correlational and 3 experimental studies investigated the hypothesis that high and low self-esteem people undertake different self-regulatory strategies in "risky" situations that afford opportunity to pursue competing goals and that carrying out these strategies ...

Spirastrellolides A (1) and B (3) have been isolated as free acids from a marine sponge Epipolasis sp. collected in the East China Sea. These compounds had been isolated from the Caribbean marine sponge Spirastrella coccinea after conversion to the methyl ester. We examined the cytotoxic activities of 1 and ...

Targeting the HIV integrase (HIV IN) is a clinically validated approach for designing novel anti-HIV therapies. We have previously described the discovery of a novel class of integration inhibitors, 2-(quinolin-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives, blocking HIV replication at a low micromolar concentration through binding in the LEDGF/p75 binding pocket of HIV integrase, ...

Few patients 75 years of age and older participate in clinical trials, thus whether adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer (CC) benefits this group is unknown. A total of 5,489 patients ≥ 75 years of age with resected stage III CC, diagnosed between 2004 and 2007, were selected from ...

The invasion of malignant glioma cells into the surrounding normal brain tissues is crucial for causing the poor outcome of this tumor type. Recent studies suggest that glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) mediate tumor invasion. However, it is not clear whether microenvironment factors, such as tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAM/Ms), also play important ...

OBJECTIVES:We aimed to characterize the demographics, diagnoses, and management of transferred patients who were directly discharged from the emergency department (ED) or admitted less than 24 hours.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients classified as interfacility ED transfers over a 12-month period in the Pediatric Health Information System database, ...

This phase 1/2 study in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (N = 53) assessed CRd--carfilzomib (20, 27, or 36 mg/m2, days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 and 1, 2, 15, 16 after cycle 8), lenalidomide (25 mg/d, days 1-21), and weekly dexamethasone (40/20 mg cycles 1-4/5+)--in 28-day cycles. ...

Engineering quantum particle systems, such as quantum simulators and quantum cellular automata, relies on full coherent control of quantum paths at the single particle level. Here we present an atom interferometer operating with single trapped atoms, where single particle wave packets are controlled through spin-dependent potentials. The interferometer is constructed ...

The mechanism and spectral dependence of the quantum yield of singlet oxygen O2(a1g) photogenerated by UV-radiation in gaseous oxygen at the elevated pressure (32-130 bar) have been experimentally investigated within the 238-285 nm spectral region overlapping the range of the Wulf bands in the absorption spectrum of oxygen. The dominant ...

A new strategy for generation of benzylpalladium reactive species from toluenes via non-directed C(sp3)-H activation has been developed, which led to constructing an efficient Pd-catalyzed reaction protocol for the oxidative carboxylation of benzylic C-H bonds to form substituted 2-phenylacetic acid esters and derivatives from inexpensive, commercially available starting materials.

IDX375 is a potent and selective palm-binding non-nucleoside inhibitor of the HCV genotype-1 polymerase. This first-in human study evaluated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of IDX375 in healthy volunteers as well as antiviral activity in HCV-infected patients. IDX375 as a choline salt was administered for one day to forty healthy ...

PURPOSEApproximately 5% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are double-hit lymphomas (DHLs) with translocations of both MYC and BCL2. DHLs are characterized by poor outcome. We tested whether DLBCLs with high expression of MYC protein and BCL2 protein share the clinical features and poor prognosis of DHLs. PATIENTS AND METHODSParaffin-embedded ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Perthes disease is a childhood precipitant to osteoarthritis of the hip, for which the etiology and mechanism are unknown. There is mounting evidence to suggest a vascular insult is responsible for disease, and it is suggested that this may have long-term implications for the vascular health of affected ...

Staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (SSLs) are a family of exoproteins sharing structural similarity with superantigens, but no superantigenic activity. Corresponding host target proteins or receptors against a portion of SSLs in the family have been identified. In this study, we show that SSL3 specifically binds to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and ...

We present a test case example of a detailed single-molecule fluorescence study of one of the most sophisticated and complex DNA devices introduced to date, a recently published autonomous bipedal DNA motor. We used the diffusion-based single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer technique, coupled to alternating laser excitation (sm-FRET-ALEX), to monitor ...

We investigated silver nano-wires using correlative wide-field fluorescence- and transmission electron microscopy. In the wide-field fluorescence images synchronous emission from different distinct positions along the silver nano-wires was observed. The sites of emission were separated spatially by up to several micrometers. Nano-wires emitting in such cooperative manner were then also ...

The effect of dietary phytase and the prebiotic inulin on apparent mineral digestibility, bone mineralization, and tissue mineral contents was evaluated in weanling and growing pigs. In Exp.1, inulin and phytase were incorporated in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 8 replicate pens per treatment in a ...

In livestock, the ovarian reserve of follicles is established during the fetal stage. However, at least two-thirds of the oocytes present in the reserve die because of apoptosis before birth. Notably, mitochondria have been reported to play a crucial role in the fate (life/death) of oocytes. In this study, mitochondrial ...

The size of an individual's phonological similarity effect for visually presented material is assumed to reflect his or her ability to recode, and by implication rehearse, information in verbal short-term memory. Many studies have shown that under these conditions, the size of this effect interacts with age, tending to be ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of slow vs rapid rates of advancement of enteral feed volumes on the clinical outcomes in preterm infants with 750-1250 g birth weight. Study Design: A total of 92 stable neonates 750-1250 g and gestational age <32 weeks were randomly allocated to enteral feeding advancement ...

Background. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between quality of life six months following lung cancer surgery and survival. Methods. In a prospective population-based cohort study, quality of life was estimated by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire before and six months after ...

Photoswitchable semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dots (QDs), couple the advantages of conventional QDs with the ability to reversibly modulate the QD emission, thereby improving signal detection by rejection of background signals. Using a simple coating methodology with polymers incorporating a diheteroarylethene photochromic FRET acceptor as well as a spectrally distinct organic ...

The RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a repressor of neuronal differentiation and its elevated expression in neural cells blocks neuronal differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate a role for REST in the control of proliferation of medulloblastoma cells. REST expression decreased the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)NIB/p27, a CDK ...

Ruminants are known to be able to very effectively recycle urinary urea and reuse it as a source of N for ruminal microbes. It is presumed that urea recycling is accomplished by specialized urea transporters (UT) which are localized in the kidney. This could be especially important in times of ...

It is difficult to obtain phenotypic data on disease susceptibility directly from swine in an industry setting. The proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by the T cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) has long been used as an indirect measure of the responsiveness of an individual's immune ...

The soybean-derived protease inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), is currently showing great promise as a novel cancer chemopreventive agent. In contrast to the wealth of research conducted on this compound, the anticancer effects of protease inhibitors isolated from other leguminous sources have received limited attention. In the current study, 7 protease ...

CD103 is a marker for identification of effector/memory regulatory T cells (Tregs). CD103(+) Tregs are potent suppressors of tissue inflammation in several infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms for this potent suppression ability remain unclear. The current study was designed to clarify this issue. Unexpectedly, we ...

Xyloglucan is the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the primary cell walls of most vascular dicotyledonous plants and has important structural and physiological functions in plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the 1,4-β-glucan synthase, Cellulose Synthase-Like C4 (CSLC4), and three xylosyltransferases, XXT1, XXT2, and XXT5, act in the Golgi ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Alcohol use by adolescents is widespread and is connected to a number of negative health and social outcomes. Adolescents receiving emergent care for injuries are often linked with risky use of alcohol. The trauma system has widely adopted the use of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment ...

Mixture of natural and anthropogenic particles is ubiquitous in the troposphere and exerts an important influence on air quality. This work reports the study of mixing and heterogeneous chemistry of particles of natural-like mineral dust (CaCO3) and anthropogenic-like micro-particle (PbSO4) in turbulent air flow under various relative humidity. Sparse monolayers ...