Objectives:  To assess the evidence and available literature on the clinical, pathogenetic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of intracerebral haemorrhage. Methods:  The most important manuscripts and reviews on the subject were considered. Information was collected from Medline, Embase & National Library of Medicine over the last 40 years up to Oct ...

Childhood asthma is at historically high levels, with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite more than two decades of improved understanding of childhood asthma care and the evolution of beneficial medications, widespread control remains poor, leading to suboptimal patient outcomes and quality of life. This lack of control results in excessive ...

Purpose An original and a revised vancomycin dosing protocol for obese patients were compared with respect to attainment of target serum trough vancomycin concentrations and the occurrence of nephrotoxicity. Methods The attainment of target vancomycin trough values (10-20 μg/mL) and nephrotoxicity were compared retrospectively between an original protocol (vancomycin 15 ...

Objective: The drug-loaded PEGylated nanomaterials have shown effective cell-killing in vitro, but to the best of authors' knowledge there have been no reports of successful drug delivery in vitro and in vivo using polyethyleneglycol-2000-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEG2000-DSPE) nanomaterials loaded with unmodified drug molecules, such as quercetin (QUE). In this study, ...

The introduction of endovascular aneurysm repair has resulted in a decline in open abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs performed by vascular residents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a similar trend has occurred with open lower extremity revascularization procedures, with increased endovascular procedures producing a decrease in the ...

: High patient age is a strong predictor of poor outcome in trauma patients. The present study investigated the effect of age on mortality and biomarkers of sympathoadrenal activation, tissue, endothelial, and glycocalyx damage, coagulation activation/inhibition, fibrinolysis, and inflammation in trauma patients at admission. : Prospective observational study. : Single ...

Premenstrual mood disorders afflict a substantial number of women of reproductive age. Medical treatments provide excellent symptomatic relief to many women but at times a poor therapeutic response or adverse effects attributable to these therapies lead women to seek alternative solutions. Oophorectomy (with concomitant hysterectomy) followed by low-dose estrogen therapy ...

Parks are an important setting for leisure-time physical activity. Understanding how to attract residents to parks and encourage park users to be physically active is an important public health initiative. Natural experiments are a research priority for investigating whether changes to the physical environment affect physical activity; however, natural experiments ...

Objective-To identify a list of core surgical skills and determine the frequency of use and proficiency in performance of these skills expected of entry-level veterinarians by general practitioners. Design-Mail-based survey. Sample-750 general practitioners randomly chosen from the AVMA membership database. Procedures-Survey respondents rated the proficiency and frequency of use expected ...

The aim of this short paper will be to guide the clinician through the plethora of possible interventions to help them to individualize treatment for their patients with PMS. The discussion will highlight management principles rather than evidence per se. It uses as its basis an updated version of the ...

Eyelash trichomegaly is defined as eyelashes which are found to be of increased length, thickness, and pigmentation. This unique finding can be present at birth as part of a variety of congenital syndromes or as a benign familial trait. There are also acquired conditions and drugs that are known to ...

: To determine the effects of tight glycemic control on brain metabolism after traumatic brain injury using brain positron emission tomography and microdialysis. : Single-center, randomized controlled within-subject crossover observational trial. : Academic intensive care unit. : We performed a prospective, unblinded randomized controlled within-subject crossover trial of tight (80-110 ...

This study systematically reviewed differences in pain perception between athletes and normally active controls. We screened MEDLINE, Sport-Discus, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and the citations of original studies and systematic reviews. All studies on experimentally induced pain that compared pain perception between athletes and normally active controls were ...

Background  Verrucous leprosy is rare, with only 18 cases reported in the literature. Visceral involvement is frequent but often overlooked, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Case report  A 45-year-old Filipino male with a 16-year history of hyperpigmented, hypoesthetic plaques, amputated digits, enlarged ulnar nerve, and cardiovascular congestion was diagnosed with ...

Determining the diet of an extinct species is paramount in any attempt to reconstruct its paleoecology. Because the distribution and mechanical properties of food items may impact postcranial, cranial, mandibular, and dental morphologies related to their procurement, ingestion, and mastication, these anatomical attributes have been studied intensively. However, while mechanical ...

The frequency of bedside percutaneous tracheostomies is increasing in intensive care medicine, and both safety and efficiency of care are critical elements in continuing success of this procedure. Prioritizing patient safety, a tracheostomy team was created at our institution to provide bedside expertise in surgery, anesthesiology, respiratory, and technical support. ...

Objective:  To investigate the incidence of stress hyperglycaemia at first acute myocardial infarction (MI) with ST-segment elevation, occurrence of stress hyperglycaemia as a manifestation of previously undiagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), and its relation to stress hormone levels. Materials and methods:  The population of this prospective cohort study consisted of ...

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) conducted an observational study from 1993 to 1998 at 40 clinical centers to investigate whether the incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with statin use among postmenopausal women. The WHI recruited 161 808 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years with ongoing ...

Teeth have long been used as indicators of primate ecology. Early work focused on the links between dental morphology, diet, and behavior, with more recent years emphasizing dental wear, microstructure, development, and biogeochemistry, to understand primate ecology. Our study of Lemur catta at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar, has ...

To compare the Nexfin cardiac output (CO) with the CO obtained from transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) during routine cardiac function screening. Observational clinical study. Echocardiography laboratory. 40 ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients scheduled for routine TTE examination. None. In 40 patients scheduled for routine TTE examination, we obtained ...

Alleviation of cold preservation-induced injury is a critical part of the heart transplantation process. In this study we investigate the protective effect of connexin 43 (Cx43) overexpression against hypothermic preservation-induced injury in cardiomyocytes. Total RNA was prepared from H9c2 cells using TRIzol reagent to construct a recombinant vector pEGFP-c1-Cx43, which ...

Communication with young people (YP) can be problematic. However, effective communication can improve health outcomes and there is randomised clinical trial-level evidence that communication skills can be learnt. Key issues when communicating with YP:(1) The young person should be central in the communication, with discussions primarily focused on him/her; (2) ...

I argue here that gene patents, and patented genetic tests based on them, are a very bad idea. First, I discuss whether genes can reasonably be the subject of patents in the first place; I maintain that the answer is no. Second, I explain how gene patents interfere with scientific ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Chinese version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ). After translation and cross-cultural adaptation following international guidelines, 110 patients with dentine hypersensitivity were recruited to complete the questionnaire. The reliability of the Chinese version of ...

Overproduction of sweat, sweaty skin, and body malodors are felt unpleasant by many people in diverse social groups. This review summarizes the functional aspects of the eccrine, apocrine, and apoeccrine sweat glands as encountered in health and disease. A series of measuring methods are conveniently used to explore any trouble ...

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a standardized surgical procedure and is the third most common vascular surgical procedure in Sweden. To improve the quality of pre- and postoperative care for patients undergoing elective CEA, a standardized care plan (SCP) was developed and implemented during Spring of 2007 at a vascular clinic ...

Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors have well-established efficacy for severe premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Efficacy has been reported with both continuous dosing (all cycle) and intermittent or luteal phase dosing (from ovulation to menses). Efficacy may be less with intermittent dosing, particularly for premenstrual physical symptoms. The efficacy of ...

The growing significance of bioinformatics and systems biology in drug safety research requires a system of adverse-event classification that goes beyond a simple vocabulary. This opinion piece outlines the need for development of an ontology-based framework of describing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and describes the potential applications for such a ...

A major goal of motor coordination is the production of a smooth movement. Jerk-cost, which is an inverse measure of movement smoothness, has been evaluated during gum chewing in previous studies. However, the effect of the gum bolus is still unclear. The aims of this study were to compare the ...

To compare the structural and cellular differences of the periosteum from different parts of the mandible in minipigs by use of histologic and immunohistochemical methods to confirm the areas in which periosteal osteogenesis in situ can be used to treat mandible defects. Three minipigs were killed, and the left mandible ...

Objective-To evaluate samarium Sm 153 lexidronam ((153)Sm-EDTMP) as a treatment option for dogs with bony tumors of the skull. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-Dogs with multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) or osteosarcoma (OSA) of the skull. Procedures-Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital records from the Universities of Missouri and Florida from 1986 to 2006 were ...

Binge drinking (≥4 drinks for women; ≥5 drinks for men, per occasion) is responsible for more than half of the estimated 80,000 U.S. deaths annually and three-quarters of the $223.5 billion in costs in 2006. Binge drinking prevalence is assessed more commonly than binge drinking intensity (i.e., number of drinks ...

: Familiarize clinicians with recent information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. : PubMed search and review of relevant medical literature. : Definition, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are reviewed. : Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction benefit from prompt ...

Previous studies reported the effect of flatfoot deformity on tibiotalar joint contact characteristics. The lateral shift of the load which occurred in flatfeet may be responsible for degenerative changes in the ankle joint. The purpose was to assess the pattern of joint contact stress of the tibiotalar joint in intact, ...

The Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) measures self-reported walking distance, walking speed, and stair-climbing ability in men and women with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We determined whether poorer WIQ scores are associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in individuals with and without PAD. We identified 1048 ...

The CXCL13-CXCR5 is a chemokine axis that is activated in some breast cancers. A total of 321 tissue blocks from a group of patients who received adjuvant, dose-dense chemotherapy for high-risk early breast cancer were examined. Activation of this axis was found to be associated with determinants of poor prognosis ...

Objective-To determine the incidence and distribution of intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration-related diseases in a large population of dogs of various breeds, ages, and sexes and to determine mortality rates among dogs with these diseases. Design-Epidemiological study. Sample-Insurance data for dogs with veterinary health-care and life insurance coverage (n = 665,249 ...

Previous efforts to forecast future trends in obesity applied linear forecasts assuming that the rise in obesity would continue unabated. However, evidence suggests that obesity prevalence may be leveling off. This study presents estimates of adult obesity and severe obesity prevalence through 2030 based on nonlinear regression models. The forecasted ...

Serum levels of insulin and testosterone may affect both breast cancer (BC) incidence and prognosis. Metformin reduces hyperglycemia and insulin levels in patients with diabetes. In women without diabetes and with polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin lowers both insulin and testosterone levels. Patients with diabetes who are treated with metformin showed ...

Objective-To compare the effects of a nonrebreathing circuit versus a reduced volume circle anesthetic breathing circuit on body temperature change in cats during inhalation anesthesia for ovariohysterectomy. Design-Randomized, controlled clinical trial. Animals-141 female domestic cats hospitalized for routine ovariohysterectomy. Procedures-Cats were randomly assigned to receive inhalation anesthetics from either a ...

How patients make decisions about their future treatment has been sparsely study and with respect to limb amputation, a particularly difficult decision, not at all. An examination of this should furnish nurses vital knowledge about how patients come to the decision to give or refuse this consent. To reach as ...

The understanding of the cause and treatment of premenstrual disorders is confused but it is essentially the result of cyclical ovarian activity, usually ovulation, and an effective treatment should be by suppressing ovulation. This can be done by an oral contraceptive but as these women are progestogen intolerant the symptoms ...

The objective of this study was to better understand the benefit of the user seal check step for respirator test subjects in the N95 filtering facepiece respirator donning process. To qualify for the study, subjects were required to pass a standard quantitative fit test on at least one of the ...

Despite its frequency and impact, delirium in critically ill patients is poorly recognized. Our aim was to systematically review the accuracy of delirium screening instruments in critically ill patients. Systematic review and meta-analysis of publications between 1966 and 2011. The Medline and Embase databases were searched for studies on delirium ...

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine whether vitamin D intake is associated with CVD mortality in a general population sample. The association between vitamin D intake and CVD mortality (ICD-9 code 410-414) rates was investigated using data from the the First National Health and Nutrition Examination ...

Climate change describes variation in regional or global climates over time. The question of how climate change affects skin disease remains largely unanswered. We reviewed the English-language literature describing the influence of climate change on skin. Relatively few publications detail aspects of how climate change affects skin. Direct effects include ...

The dual enrolling of phase I volunteers is a potential risk to subjects. It can also distort study results, threaten study validity, and possibly cause harm to future patients. Existing subject registries differ in structure, funding, and governance. Although the choice of the ideal system is driven by the scope ...

Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) we investigated the distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the marginal bone crest (MBC) at buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal surfaces of incisors to first molars in adolescents before (baseline) and after extractive orthodontic treatment (study end point). Patients with Class I malocclusion, ...

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can lead to substantial blood loss. To avoid the high costs of autologous blood predonation programs and efficiently allocate limited blood resources, we sought to identify preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with allogeneic blood transfusion (AllTx) after primary TKA and, subsequently, develop a model to predict ...

This study reviews a single-center experience of endovascular popliteal aneurysm (PAA) repair. A retrospective review was performed to identify all endovascular PAA repairs performed between September 2004 and January 2011. We identified 21 patients (mean age, 74 ± 9 years, 91% men) with PAAs (mean size, 2.89 ± 1.0 cm) ...