Spoelstra, S., Given, B., & Given, C. (2011). Fall Prevention in Hospitals: An Integrative Review. Clinical Nursing Research. 21(1), 92-112. Original DOI: 10.1177/1054773811418106.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Recently, our and other studies have found that hydrogen gas (H2) treatment can ameliorate the lung injury induced by sepsis, ventilator, hyperoxia, and ischemia-reperfusion. However, the molecular mechanisms by which H2 ameliorates lung ...

New bioengineering techniques provide noninvasive opportunities to evaluate clinically the application of various products on the skin. The skin barrier function and its integrity can be studied by transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum water content, transcutaneous flux of carbon dioxide and oxygen, and transepidermal movement of ions, particularly chloride, potassium, ...

Twenty-nine commercial pesticide applicator households in eastern Iowa were enrolled to investigate in-home contamination of atrazine, the most commonly used corn herbicide in the Unites States. From each home, four vacuum dust samples were collected during atrazine application season (Visit 1) and again 6 months later during winter months (Visit ...

A major function of the skin is to provide a barrier to the movement of water and electrolytes, which is required for life in a terrestrial environment. This permeability barrier is localized to the stratum corneum and is mediated by extracellular lipid-enriched lamellar membranes, which are delivered to the extracellular ...

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are widely used for the palliative treatment of unresectable malignant biliary obstruction. However, the long-term durability of SEMSs in biliary strictures is not clear. We describe a case of endoscopic removal of spontaneously fractured uncovered biliary SEMS. A 59-year-old woman presented to our institution with a ...

This study aimed to investigate localized and systemic effects of chronic exercise and inactivity on conduit artery remodeling in humans. We recruited elite athletes engaged in predominantly lower limb (LL runners/cyclists, n = 10) or upper limb (UL canoe paddlers, n = 12) exercise and matched able-bodied, recreationally active, controls ...

Three-dimensional development of a mouse inner ear from embryonic day 11.5 (top left) to postnatal day 15 (bottom right) using Thin-Sheet Laser Imaging Microscopy followed by segmentation provides an added dimension to inner ear analysis. From Kopecky et al., Developmental Dynamics 241:465-480, 2012.

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of new impartial information about the complex interaction of the skin with topically applied substances, including soaps and detergents. Despite of all these new data, our knowledge on the exact pathomechanism and molecular events leading to detergent-induced barrier dysfunction remains incomplete and the ...

Background: The characteristics of biopharmaceuticals may require a tailored approach to their safety management. However, information on what tools and methods are employed to assess the safety of biopharmaceuticals post-authorization is lacking. Objective: This study investigates determinants that contribute to the post-authorization management of biopharmaceuticals. Methods: A cohort study was ...

Sarcoidosis is a common systemic, noncaseating granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The development of sarcoidosis has been associated with a number of environmental factors and genes. Cutaneous sarcoidosis, the "great imitator," can baffle clinicians because of its diverse manifestations and its ability to resemble both common and rare cutaneous diseases. ...

Almost 2 decades ago, Williams and Elias suggested a unifying concept for the pathogenesis of disorders of cornification, according to which the integrity of the epidermal barrier and its effective function is an important factor in the regulation of epidermal DNA synthesis. Interference with the barrier integrity or function will ...

Background: Recent withdrawals of major drugs have highlighted the critical importance of drug safety surveillance in the postmarketing phase. Limitations of spontaneous report data have led drug safety professionals to pursue alternative postmarketing surveillance approaches based on healthcare administrative claims data. These data are typically analysed by comparing the adverse ...

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 432-438 ABSTRACT: Carbapenem-hydrolysing β-lactamases are the most powerful β-lactamases, being able to hydrolyse almost all β-lactams. They are mostly of the KPC, VIM, IMP, NDM and OXA-48 types. Their current extensive spread worldwide in Enterobacteriaceae is an important source of concern, as these carbapenemase producers ...

The skin is a vital organ for life and, among its many functions, the role as a protective barrier is one of the most important. It is the main boundary between the body and the external environment. As defensive barrier, the epidermis protects internal organs from physical and chemical trauma, ...

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) used standardised methods to examine symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in adolescents and children between Phases I and III. Centres followed essential rules to ensure comparability of methodology, examined by a centralised data centre. Centre reports (CRs) were ...

Forced expiratory volume in 3 seconds (FEV(3)) and 6 seconds (FEV(6)) could complement FEV(1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) for detecting airflow obstruction. To compare FEV(1)/ FEV(6) and FEV(3)/FVC with FEV(1)/FVC in the detection of airflow obstruction. Previous lung function data were re-analysed to establish reference values for FEV(3) and ...

A crucial role of the epidermal permeability barrier is obvious in contact dermatitis. An intact skin barrier prevents the penetration of harmful substances into the skin. Irritants and allergens that stay on the skin surface and come into contact with the stratum corneum only do not harm the skin. After ...

Skin, together with its appendages, forms an organ with several defensive roles; among them it acts as a barrier, which is one of its very important protective functions. There has been increased interest in studying the effects of age on these functions. There are different intensities and timing involved in ...

More than two decades have passed since genetically modified HIV was used for gene delivery. Through continuous improvements these early marker gene-carrying HIVs have evolved into safer and more effective lentiviral vectors. Lentiviral vectors offer several attractive properties as gene-delivery vehicles, including: (i) sustained gene delivery through stable vector integration ...

Pancreatic pseudocysts are frequent complications of pancreatitis episodes. The current therapeutic modalities for drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts include surgical, percutaneous, and endoscopic drainage modalities. Endosonography-assisted endoscopic drainage of these pseudocysts with the placement of multiple plastic or fully covered self-expanding biliary metal stents is becoming more commonly carried out. The ...

In mammals there are two types of adipocytes with opposing functions. Brown adipocytes are characterized by a high number of mitochondria and are specialized for heat production (thermogenesis), expressing thermogenic genes such as UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1). White adipocytes, on the other hand, store energy. Although many key regulators in ...

DISEASE OVERVIEW: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal protein. Clinical features include anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Presence of IgM monoclonal protein associated with ≥10% clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells in bone marrow confirms the diagnosis. RISK STRATIFICATION: Age, hemoglobin level, platelet count, β(2) microglobulin, and ...

T-cell lymphomas make up approximately 10-15% of lymphoid malignancies. The frequency of these lymphomas varies geographically, with the highest incidence in parts of Asia. The diagnosis of aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is usually made using the WHO classification. The ability of hematopathologists to reproducibly diagnose aggressive PTCL is lower ...

Childhood laminectomy can lead to spinal deformity. This is a report of a case of paraplegia caused by rotokyphoscoliosis, a late complication of laminectomy. A 55-year-old woman developed paraplegia due to post-laminectomy kyphoscoliosis. She had surgery for a spinal tumor at age 13 years. She developed kyphosis 2 years after ...

Female tsetse flies undergo viviparous reproduction, generating one larva each gonotrophic cycle. Larval nourishment is provided by the mother in the form of milk secretions. The milk consists mostly of lipids during early larval development and shifts to a balanced combination of protein and lipids in the late larval instars. ...

Developmental phases affect how individuals cope with and challenge threats to self-concept, health and functioning. Understanding prominent models of adult psychological development can help spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) rehabilitation professionals facilitate positive change and growth. Author's theoretical model informed by literature review and personal experience. Veterans administration (VA) medical center ...

Impact forces experienced by the upper limb at the beginning of each wheelchair propulsion (WCP) cycle are among the highest forces experienced by wheelchair users. To determine whether the magnitude of hand/forearm velocity prior to impact and effectiveness of rim impact force are dependent on the type of hand trajectory ...

To identify and describe the frequency of reliance on assistive devices and/or people for ambulating distances and stair climbing. Survey. A total of 429 adults with traumatic spinal cord injury who were able to walk at least 10 m were identified through inpatient and outpatient hospital databases at a specialty ...

Ichthyoses, including inherited disorders of lipid metabolism, display a permeability barrier abnormality in which the severity of the clinical phenotype parallels the prominence of the barrier defect. The pathogenesis of the cutaneous phenotype represents the consequences of the mutation for epidermal function, coupled with a "best attempt" by affected epidermis ...

The distal femur is the primary fracture site in patients with osteoporosis after spinal cord injury (SCI). To mathematically compare the compression and shear forces at the distal femur during quadriceps stimulation in the standing, supine, and seated positions. A force analysis across these positions may be a consideration for ...

Combination therapy is essential for functional repairs of the spinal cord. Rehabilitative therapy can be considered as the key for reorganizing the nervous system after spinal cord regeneration therapy. Functional electrical stimulation has been used as a neuroprosthesis in quadriplegia and can be used for providing rehabilitative therapy to tap ...

Simultaneous pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and hemopericardium is a rare but life-threatening condition. As hemopericardium is a contraindication to anticoagulation treatment, it is challenging to handle both conditions together. The objective of the study was to report a rare case of a man with thoracic spinal cord injury presenting with simultaneous ...

Sedentarism is common among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, new technologies such as functional electrical stimulation cycles with internet connectivity may provide incentive by removing some of the limitations and external barriers. To determine the effectiveness of a long-term home-based functional electrical stimulation lower extremities cycling (FES-LEC) program ...

The Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are a family of bacterial flavoproteins that catalyze the synthetically useful Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. This involves the conversion of ketones into esters or cyclic ketones into lactones by introducing an oxygen atom adjacent to the carbonyl group. The BVMOs offer exquisite regio- and enantiospecificity while acting ...

Caveolin-1 is the most important protein found in caveolae, which are cell surface invaginations of the plasma membrane that act as signaling platforms. A single point mutation in the transmembrane domain of caveolin-1 (proline 132 to leucine) has deleterious effects on caveolae formation in vivo and has been implicated in ...

Three-dimensional charge transport anisotropy in organic semiconductor single crystals - both plates and rods (above and below, respectively, in the figure) - is measured in well-performing organic field-effect transistors for the first time. The results provide an excellent model for molecular design and device preparation that leads to good performance.

This is the first report of using anatase TiO(2) nanosheets with exposed (001) facets in a high-efficiency PbS quantum dot/TiO(2) heterojunction solar cell. The TiO(2) nanosheets have higher conduction band, and surface energy compared to normal anatase (101) TiO(2) nanoparticles. This PbS QD/TiO(2) heterojunction solar cell produces power conversion efficiency ...

We report a universal method for the surface-initated polymerization (SIP) of an antifouling polymer brush on various classes of surfaces, including noble metals, metal oxides, and inert polymers. Inspired by the versatility of mussel adhesive proteins, we synthesized a novel bifunctional tripeptide bromide (BrYKY) that combines atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) ...

An effective vaccine against P. falciparum malaria remains a global health priority. Blood-stage vaccines are an important component of this effort, with some indications of recent progress. However only a fraction of potential blood-stage antigens have been tested, highlighting a critical need for efficient down-selection strategies. Functional in vitro assays ...

We studied disease progression of, and host responses to, four species in the Metarhizium anisopliae complex expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). We compared development and determined their relative levels of virulence against two susceptible arthropods, the cattle tick Rhipicephalus annulatus and the lepidopteran Galleria mellonella, and two resistant ticks, Hyalomma ...

BACKGROUND:North American (NA) ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is a popular natural health product (NHP) that has been demonstrated to regulate immune function, inflammatory processes and response to stress and fatigue. Recent evidence suggests that various extracts of NA ginseng may have different bioactivities because of distinct profiles of ginsenosides and polysaccharides. ...

Tailor-made water-soluble macromolecules, including a glycopolymer, obtained by living/controlled RAFT-mediated polymerization are demonstrated to react in water with diene-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)s without pre- or post-functionalization steps or the need for a catalyst at ambient temperature. As previously observed in organic solvents, hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) conjugations reached quantitative conversion within minutes when ...

Storage at 3 and 18 ºC of 'Arbequina' olives (Olea europaea L.) cultivated in hedgerow and harvested manually or mechanically (wine grape harvester) was tested. Fruit characteristics and oil quality were monitored. Mechanical harvesting caused internal fruit damage that induced its rapid softening and decay, but also facilitated to obtaining ...

The reticular groove mucosa of adult cattle, buffalo and sheep was investigated by histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. Intense NADPH-d staining was observed in the folds of the epithelium mucosa and at the bottom of the reticular groove in all domestic ruminants studied. The NADPH-d staining showed that the innervations of ...

Study design:A single centre survey.Objectives:The objective of this study is to (1) assess patients' food intake and (2) measure satisfaction with current food provision, as judged by patients and by stakeholders (medical and nursing staff, managers and catering staff).Methods:Standardised questionnaires were used to record food intake over a 24-h period, ...

A novel gene delivery system, called PoSC, consisting of PEI, PSP, and HA is described. In contrast to the DNA/PEI/HA ternary system whose transfection efficiency decreases significantly with increasing serum concentration, PoSC exhibits a high transfection efficiency of about 51 and 87% for NIH3T3 and HCT116 cells, respectively, at 50% ...

Nitrate and halide ions coexist in a number of environmental systems, including sea salt particles, the Arctic snowpack, and alkaline dry lakes. However, little is known about potential synergisms between halide and nitrate ions. The effect of sea salt on NO3- photochemistry at 311 nm was investigated at 298 K ...

Aims: To determine the intraobserver reproducibility of peak and temporal values for myocardial strain (ɛ) and strain rate (SR) using a speckle tracking technique in the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV), and left atrium (LA). Methods and Results: Myocardial speckle tracking echocardiograms of the LV, RV, and LA were ...

In this paper, a series of Mg-Ti-Pd trilayer films with various thicknesses of the Ti interlayer were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The trilayer films could be reversibly (de)hydrogenated at room temperature. The relationship between structure and properties of Mg-Ti-Pd trilayer films was comprehensively investigated. Our studies showed that the hydrogen ...