Depression is a disabling condition which adversely affects a person's family, social and work life, and that is associated with a heavy burden to society. Although the available antidepressants have shown their effectiveness and have greatly improved the prognosis of the disorder, the current management of depression is far from ...

ABSTRACT: A dermoid cyst is a thin-walled benign tumor formed by the entrapment of ectodermal tissue during embryologic development, resulting in the inclusion of epithelium and adnexal elements within the tumor. Dermoids are not unique to a single anatomic location but are often isolated to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. ...

Chronic kidney disease is defined by a reduced GFR (< 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) and/or the presence markers of renal injury for > or = 3 months. Chronic kidney disease indicates and increased risk of both end stage renal disease and cardiovascular mortality. The future challenge is to build a definition ...

ABSTRACT: Congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) is a rare developmental defect of the anterior neck normally characterized by an atrophic mucosal plaque with a cranial nipple-like skin tag, a short caudal sinus, and may be attached to a subcutaneous fibrous cord of variable length. Clinically, patients present at an early ...

Novel influenza A (H1N1) has created a major worldwide health problem within a short time after its emergence. This infection is often self-limited, but sometimes can cause severe and fatal complications. In this study, we present two rare complications of pandemic influenza A, who were referred to Razi University Affiliated ...

Incisional hernias are caused by the failure of the wall of the abdomen to close after abdominal surgery, leaving a hole through which the viscera protrude. Incisional hernias are repaired by further surgery. Surgical drains are frequently inserted during hernia repair with the aim of facilitating fluid drainage and preventing ...

Antiepileptic drugs have been used in pain management since the 1960s; some seem to be especially useful for neuropathic pain. Lacosamide is an antiepileptic drug that has recently been investigated for neuropathic pain relief, although it failed to get approval for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy from either the Food and ...

ABSTRACT: Three-dimensional models have played important roles in medical simulation and education. Surface models can be manipulated in real time and even online; surface models have significant features for an interactive simulation system. The objective surface models are obtainable from accumulation of each structure's outlines, followed by surface reconstruction. The ...

In the first decade of the fourteenth century, Rashid al-D?n Fazl Allah penned a remarkable endowment deed in which he meticulously detailed his plans for the creation of a utopian community. He named it the Rab'-i Rashid. In this document, he provides socio-economic data concerning the day-to-day operations of this ...

Purpose: To calculate a modified heat capacity (mHC) of small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in vivo during radio frequency ablation (RFA) and to determine if mHC correlates with tumour vascularity, adjacent vessels or local recurrence. Patients and methods: This study was IRB approved and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Before ...

The admission cardiotocograph (CTG) is a commonly used screening test consisting of a short (usually 20 minutes) recording of the fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine activity performed on the mother's admission to the labour ward. To compare the effects of admission CTG with intermittent auscultation of the FHR on ...

Whole-body vibration (WBV) may be a complementary training to standard physical rehabilitation programmes and appears to have potential benefits in the sensorimotor system performance of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review was to examine the efficacy of WBV to improve functional performance according to basic activities of ...

ABSTRACT: Superior sternal cleft is a rare congenital malformation that may represent a challenge for plastic surgeons. We describe a 1-day-old neonate. She was noted to have superior sternal cleft associated with aplasia cutis ahead the sternum. Three days after birth, she successfully underwent primary repair using a Medpor and ...

Despite the use of angiotensin blockers, chronic kidney diseases still progress. New therapeutic approaches aim to strengthen and to complete angiotensin blocker effects. Endothelin receptor antagonists, in addition to angiotensin blockers reduce blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in diabetic nephropathies but can induce fluid overload. A second therapeutic approach ...

ABSTRACT: No man's craniosynostosis is discussed under the following headings: historical notes, sutural development, suture closure, craniosynostotic patterns, anatomic and genetic perspectives, types of craniosynostosis, and 2 unusual types of craniosynostosis with large head circumferences.

ABSTRACT: Mucoceles are expansile, encapsulated, benign cystic lesions with the potential for adjacent bony remodeling and resorption. Previous nasal surgery, recurrent infections, allergies, and facial traumas are all possible causes of mucoceles involving mainly paranasal sinuses. When the mucocele is infected, it is referred to as mucopyocele. Nasal septal mucoceles ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The incidence of AD rises exponentially with age and its prevalence will increase significantly worldwide in the next few decades. Inflammatory processes have been suspected in the pathogenesis of the disease. To review the efficacy and side effects of aspirin, ...

Advance community distribution of misoprostol for preventing or treating postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) has become an attractive strategy to expand uterotonic coverage to places where conventional uterotonic use is not feasible. However, the value and safety of this strategy remain contentious. To assess the effectiveness and safety of a strategy of ...

ABSTRACT: The orbital region of subjects with Down syndrome (DS) has been scanty described so far. We wanted to detail the morphologic characteristics of the soft tissue orbital region in Italian and North Sudanese subjects with DS.The three-dimensional coordinates of 10 landmarks on the orbital soft tissues were obtained using ...

In 2011, the earliest segment of the baby boom generation turned 65 years of age. This event marks the beginning of a new phase of growth of the older adult population in the United States and is in line with what is referred to worldwide as "population aging." By 2030, ...

Purpose: Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be a predictor of poor survival in certain malignancies. We hypothesised NLR might predict prognosis for patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) undergoing percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Patients and methods: A cohort of 92 consecutive patients with metachronous CRLM ...

Previous systematic reviews comparing stapled and handsewn colorectal anastomosis that are available in the medical literature have not shown either technique to be superior. An update of this systematic review was performed to find out if there are any data that properly answer this question. To compare the safety and effectiveness of ...

Pulmonary surfactant is an important part of the host defence against respiratory infections. Bacterial pneumonia in late preterm or term newborn infants often leads to surfactant deficiency or dysfunction, as surfactant is either inactivated or peroxidated. Studies of animal models of pneumonia and clinical case reports suggest that exogenous surfactant ...

This study aimed to illustrate the effectiveness of the combination of the transorbital and the endoscopic transnasal approach in the repair of medial wall and floor orbital fractures in Chinese patients. A retrospective study was carried out on 25 Chinese patients (18 men and 7 women) with orbital medial wall ...

Autotransporters are a superfamily of proteins that use the type V secretion pathway for their delivery to the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. At first glance, autotransporters look to contain all the functional elements required to promote their own secretion: an amino-terminal signal peptide to mediate translocation across the inner membrane, ...

Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence, medical alternatives for surgery have been sought. Most recently, pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle, to accomplish reversibly what occurs in surgery, have been used to obtain fissure healing. To assess the efficacy ...

Leptospirosis has a wide-ranging clinical and public health impact. Leptospira are globally distributed. Case attack rates are as high as 1:4 to 2:5 persons in exposed populations. In some settings mortality has exceeded 10% of infected people. The benefit of antibiotic therapy in the disease has been unclear. We sought ...

ABSTRACT: Following encouraging results from the first 6 maxillofacial allotransplants, there has been a dramatic rise in interest worldwide. Numerous groups are now devoting resources to increase the frequency of these complex procedures, and with this, the craniomaxillofacial surgeon should become familiar with the emerging state of the art. This ...

With the advancement in stem cell research and material science, tissue regeneration has been evolved from scientific hypothesis to clinical reality and thus will have a great potential in regenerating craniofacial tissue. In this approach, scaffold plays an essential role in tissue regeneration by recruiting host regenerative cells or enhancing ...

The influence of vaccination on healthy (non-infected) rabbits treated with Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens, cercariae, and worms as prophylactic agents against infection, and the benefit of beta alanyl-l-histidine treatment against Schistosoma mansoni infection were investigated. This study involved individual injection of three Schistosoma mansoni antigens: soluble egg antigen (SEA), cercarial ...

Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) is a cellular second messenger with central relevance to pharmacology, cell biology, and biochemistry teaching programs. cAMP is produced from adenosine triphosphate by adenylate cyclase, and its production is reduced or enhanced upon activation of many G protein-coupled receptors. Therefore, the measurement of cAMP serves as an ...

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are an emerging class of anti-cancer agents. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PI103, could synergize with the chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting E2F1, thymidylate synthase (TS) and enhancing DNA damage. Drug combination effects were assessed ...

Various interventions have been adopted to reduce HIV transmission among sex workers and their clients but the effectiveness of these strategies has yet to be investigated using meta-analytic techniques. To evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in ...

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is among the most nutritious subtropical and tropical vegetables. It is also used in traditional medicine practices for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research in animal and human models suggests a possible role of sweet potato in glycaemic control. To assess the effects of sweet potato for ...

ABSTRACT: Craniosynostosis in Apert syndrome is routinely treated by wide frontal and bilateral supraorbital reshaping and posterior cranial decompression. Dynamic cranial vault expansion has proved to be useful in craniofacial surgery, and its use has extended to syndromic patients. Although a controversy remains between conventional osteotomy and application of the ...

Blepharoplasty remains one of the most frequent operations in Asia. The most common complaint of Asian patients is a limitation of eye opening, and a substantial proportion of patients have puffy eyelids, supratarsal folds in the upper eyelid, and a narrow palpebral fissure, thus exhibiting a tired and sleepy appearance. ...

Functional analysis (FA) for the management of challenging behaviour is a promising behavioural intervention that involves exploring the meaning or purpose of an individual's behaviour. It extends the 'ABC' approach of behavioural analysis, to overcome the restriction of having to derive a single explanatory hypothesis for the person's behaviour. It ...

ABSTRACT: Complications related to surgery, including infection, wound dehiscence, and implant protrusion, are costly and may cause severe morbidity to patients. The choice of implants materials is critical for a successful outcome, particularly in craniofacial reconstructions. This review discusses the potential benefits and drawbacks of biologically active materials used for ...

The Younger Dryas cold spell of the last deglaciation and related slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation have been linked to a large array of processes, notably an influx of fresh water into the North Atlantic related to partial drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz. Here we observe a major ...

ABSTRACT: Despite complex facial anatomy, transplantation of soft tissues of the entire face, including the maxilla and mandibular segment anterior to the masseter muscle insertion, can be safely performed based on facial vessels alone. Inclusion of hair-bearing scalp requires dissection of the superficial temporal vessels. Unlike other groups, we advocate ...

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens causing BSI can limit therapeutic options and complicate patient management. To encourage the prudent use of appropriate antibiotics in our pediatric population at Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, we studied ...

A giant retinal tear is a full-thickness retinal break that extends circumferentially around the retina for 90 degrees or more in the presence of a posteriorly detached vitreous. It causes significant visual morbidity from retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The fellow eye of patients who have had a spontaneous giant ...

The adaptation of distraction osteogenesis (DO) to the midface and cranium in the 1990s and the advancements that followed at the turn of the century resulted in a shift of paradigm in craniofacial surgery. Because skeletal advancement was not sudden anymore, but incremental, the monobloc advancement became safer to perform. ...

Graphene, a two-dimensional layer of carbon atoms, is a promising building block for a wide range of optoelectronic devices owing to its extraordinary electrical and optical properties, including the ability to absorb ~2% of incident light over a broad wavelength range. While the RC-limited bandwidth of graphene-based photodetectors can be ...

Mass spectrometric sequencing of low abundance, integral membrane proteins, particularly the transmembrane domains, presents challenges that span the multiple phases of sample preparation including solubilization, purification, enzymatic digestion, peptide extraction, and chromatographic separation. We describe a method through which we have obtained high peptide coverage for 12 γ-aminobutyric acid type ...

To test the hypothesis that gouty arthritis (gout) is a risk factor for incidence of heart failure and for echocardiographic measures signifying subclinical heart failure. Post-hoc, longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of a prospective cohort study where data were collected in 4-year intervals since 1971. The population-based Framingham Offspring Study. 4989 ...

ABSTRACT: The present article discusses an atrophic maxilla reconstruction with iliac crest bone block and particulate grafts and dental implants. Onlay block grafts were used to restore bone volume of the anterior maxilla, whereas bilateral sinus floor augmentation was performed using a particulate graft. Ten months after the grafting surgery, ...

Purpose: The combination of excimer laser and topical treatment has not been studied in clinical trials. This within-patient comparison study evaluates the response rates of plaque-type psoriasis after treatment with topical only (dithranol or calcipotriol), laser only, and combination therapy with topical medication and laser. Materials and methods: A total ...

Lobeline is a partial nicotine agonist, which has been used in a variety of commercially available preparations to help stop smoking. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of lobeline on long term smoking cessation. We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register (most recent search ...

Bell's palsy is an idiopathic, acute unilateral facial weakness that evolves rapidly and is maximal within two days. Moderate ear discomfort, sensitivity to sound and reduced tearing may occur. To assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on recovery of facial function in adults with moderate to severe Bell's palsy. ...