ABSTRACT: Secondary osteoplasty by means of autogenic spongy bone grafting is the most common procedure used in the reconstruction of the continuity of the maxillary alveolar process. The aim of the study was to analyze retrospectively the effect of certain factors on the course of the bone graft healing process ...

Solid freeform fabrication techniques such as direct write technology can be used to fabricate tissue-engineering scaffolds in 3 dimensions with high levels of reproducibility and precision. These can comprise complex structures made of osteoconductive, remodelable lattices to conduct bone ingrowth and solid barriers to prevent soft tissue invasion. As such, ...

The case of a Hickman catheter-related bacteremia caused by Gordonia sputi in a patient with breast cancer is presented. Blood cultures grew a Gram-positive rod, susceptible to several antimicrobials, subsequently identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Gordonia sputi. The infection resolved after successful treatment with antibiotics and catheter removal.

Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of disabling headache, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and, in some patients, neurological aura symptoms. Sumatriptan is one of a class of selective serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1B/1D) agonists (triptans) thought to relieve migraine attacks by several mechanisms, including cranial vasoconstriction and peripheral ...

Based on the theory of stochastic resonance, an adaptive single-well stochastic resonance (ASSR) coupled with genetic algorithm was developed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of weak chromatographic signals. In conventional stochastic resonance algorithm, there are two or more parameters needed to be optimized and the proper parameters values were obtained ...

This month's Genome Watch highlights new insights into the impact of food production on the evolution of microorganisms.

Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic conditions which can lead to abnormalities in the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, or fats. It has been proposed that in some instances carnitine supplementation should be provided to infants with a suspected metabolic disease as an interim measure, particularly whilst awaiting test ...

ABSTRACT: Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has stimulated wide debate in the medical and surgical community. Endorsed by the American Medical Association and a number of primary care-focused organizations, the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and nearly all other surgical associations opposed the bill. This ...

The aim of this study was to ( 1 ) determine the prevalence of malnutrition and ( 2 ) investigate factors affecting nutritional status of older persons living in urban areas of Lake Victoria Basin. The prevalence of underweight was 16.5%, with men (24.1%) being significantly more likely to be ...

ABSTRACT: Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas limited to the larynx are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal neoplasms. The most common site of development of primary laryngeal lymphomas is the supraglottic region. In most cases, the presenting symptoms are hoarseness, dysphagia, dyspnea, and cervical lymphadenopathy. In these cases, larynx ...

Purpose: The goal is to identify thermal exposures capable of reducing or eliminating cell survival on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), in an effort to develop a mild hyperthermia treatment of neointimal hyperplasia in ePTFE vascular grafts. Materials and methods: Viable and dead bovine aortic endothelial cells were quantified following different thermal ...

Schizophrenia is usually considered an illness of young adulthood. However, onset after the age of 40 years is reported in 23% of patients hospitalised with schizophrenia. At least 0.1% of the world's elderly population have a diagnosis of late-onset schizophrenia which seems to differ from earlier onset schizophrenia on a ...

Drooling is a common problem for children with cerebral palsy (CP). This can be distressing for these children as well as for their parents and caregivers. The consequences of drooling include risk of social rejection, damp and soiled clothing, unpleasant odour, irritated chapped skin, mouth infections, dehydration, interference with speech, ...

The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily consists of multipotential secreting cytokines that mediate many key events in normal cellular growth and development, including differentiation, proliferation, motility, organization and death. TGFβs act as ligand for 3 classes of cell surface receptors, the transmembrane serine-threonine kinase receptors, TGFβ receptor type I ...

ABSTRACT: Ectopic thyroid tissue with no orthotopic gland is extremely rare; malign transformation of ectopic thyroid is also an uncommon event, and rarer is the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. In this clinical report, a case with submandibular ectopic thyroid without orthotropic thyroid gland is presented. Treatment was a complete ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is set in 5 stages of increasing severity with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring a treatment of substitution, dialysis or transplantation. CKD is frequent, it increases with age, and affects one person out of 10 in the ...

ABSTRACT: Mandibular clefts are extremely rare, with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. Almost universally, these isolated cases of lower facial clefting have been noted to occur through the midline of the lip and/or mandible. The defect can vary, ranging from mild notching of the lower lip or ...

This study was designed to compare the detection of malaria parasites in peripheral blood smears using the Cyscope malaria rapid fluorescent microscopic technique and light microscopy of Giemsa-stained smears. A total of 295 blood smears were collected from patients of all age groups presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of ...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, mostly relating to cardiovascular complications. The relevance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DKD has been investigated in recent years, and it has been shown that inflammatory markers are higher in people with DKD compared with the wider population. ...

ABSTRACT: In this article, we review some of the traditional techniques used to treat craniosynostosis. In addition to sharing our current approach to treating craniosynostosis with open techniques, we discuss our opinions on the evolving roles of newer modalities such as spring-assisted cranioplasty and cranial vault expansion using distraction osteogenesis.

The origin of the Steens-Columbia River (SCR) flood basalts, which is presumed to be the onset of Yellowstone volcanism, has remained controversial, with the proposed conceptual models involving either a mantle plume or back-arc processes. Recent tomographic inversions based on the USArray data reveal unprecedented detail of upper-mantle structures of ...

ABSTRACT: Devastating facial deformities can cause significant functional and psychosocial injury. Significant facial disfigurement can preclude meaningful human interaction. Allotransplantation of facial tissues for reconstruction of devastating deformities has become a clinical reality, with 15 transplants performed at various centers around the world. Restoration of aesthetics and functionality has been ...

Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-exposed children.  Administration of appropriate empirical antimicrobial and/or adjunctive systemic therapies may improve clinical outcomes. To identify effective antimicrobial and/or adjunctive systemic therapy for pneumonia in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected children, we searched for published and ...

Our understanding of reproduction and early embryonic development has directly enabled our manipulation of the mouse genome for tests of gene function in vivo. In this review, we reflect on the 30 years of work that followed this singular accomplishment. We profile murine models that have given us memorable insights ...

During the last years SPECT-CT combining the high resolution of CT with high sensitivity of bone SPECT has gained widespread clinical application. Especially in complex anatomic situations, SPECT-CT allows to exactly define the area of the skeleton which is responsible for pain. This holds true especially in patients with foot ...

Mass spectrometric sequencing of low abundance, integral membrane proteins, particularly the transmembrane domains, presents challenges that span the multiple phases of sample preparation including solubilization, purification, enzymatic digestion, peptide extraction, and chromatographic separation. We describe a method through which we have obtained high peptide coverage for 12 γ-aminobutyric acid type ...

This article charts the historical development of the discipline of global mental health, whose goal is to improve access to mental health care and reduce inequalities in mental health outcomes between and within nations. The article begins with an overview of the contribution of four scientific foundations toward the discipline's ...

We suggest that the optimal approach to building capacity in global mental health care will require partnerships between professional resources in high-income countries and promising health-related institutions in low- and middle-income countries. The result of these partnerships will be sustainable academic relationships that can educate a new generation of in-country ...

Significant challenges exist in providing safe, effective, and culturally sound mental health and psychosocial services when an unforeseen disaster strikes in a low-resource setting. We present here a case study describing the experience of a transnational team in expanding mental health and psychosocial services delivered by two health care organizations, ...

Nell-1, first identified by its overexpression in synostotic cranial sutures, is a novel osteoinductive growth and differentiation factor. To further define Nell-1's role in craniofacial patterning, we characterized defects of the ENU-induced Nell-1-deficient (END) mice, focusing on both intramembranous and endochondral cranial bones. Results showed that calvarial bones of neonatal ...

The extraordinary properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes motivate the development of methods for their use in producing continuous, strong, tough fibres. Previous work has shown that the toughness of the carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer fibres exceeds that of previously known materials. Here we show that further increased toughness results from ...

Lung ischaemia-reperfusion-induced oedema (LIRE) is a life-threatening condition that causes pulmonary oedema induced by endothelial dysfunction. Here we show that lungs from mice lacking nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox2(y/-)) or the classical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6(-/-)) are protected from LIR-induced oedema (LIRE). Generation of chimeric mice ...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major cause of paralysis, and involves multiple cellular and tissular responses including demyelination, inflammation, cell death and axonal degeneration. Recent evidence suggests that perturbation on the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is observed in different SCI models; however, the functional contribution of this ...

Research-generated information about mental disorders is crucial in order to establish the health needs in a given setting, to propose culturally apt and cost-effective individual and collective interventions, to investigate their implementation, and to explore the obstacles that prevent recommended strategies from being implemented. Yet the capacity to undertake such ...

Although mental disorders are a major public health problem, the development of mental health services has been a low priority everywhere, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Recent years have seen a growing understanding of the importance of population mental health and increased attention to the need to develop mental ...

Effective implementation of evidence-based interventions in "real-world" settings can be challenging. Interventions based on externally valid trial findings can be even more difficult to apply in resource-limited settings, given marked differences-in provider experience, patient population, and health systems-between those settings and the typical clinical trial environment. Under the auspices of ...

The purpose of this study was to quantify hypoxia changes in viable tumour volumes after thermal ablation of a murine breast carcinoma. Murine breast 4T1 tumours were grown in the rear leg of BALB/c mice to an average diameter of 10-12 mm. Tumours were treated with conductive interstitial thermal therapy ...

This study investigated associations between coming out to parents, experiences of parental support, and self-reported health behaviors and conditions among a population-based sample of LGB individuals using data collected via the 2002 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS; N = 177). We explored the following two hypotheses: 1) Lesbian, ...

The evolution of flight is a key innovation that may enable the extreme diversification of insects. Nonetheless, many species-rich, winged insect groups contain flightless lineages. The loss of flight may promote allopatric differentiation due to limited dispersal power and may result in a high speciation rate in the flightless lineage. ...

Migraine is a common, disabling condition and a burden for the individual, health services and society. Many sufferers choose not to, or are unable to, seek professional help and rely on over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics. Diclofenac is an established analgesic, and new formulations using the potassium or epolamine salts, which can ...

Tissue analysis of bone regenerate has suggested an intense vascular response after mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO). Quantifying and three-dimensionally imaging this vascular response could be of immense clinical import in efforts to advance the utility of bone regeneration and repair. Conventional quantification of vascular responses has heretofore focused on inexact, ...

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) accounts for 25% of all leukaemias and is the most common lymphoid malignancy in Western countries. Standard treatment  includes mono- or poly-chemotherapies. Nowadays, monoclonal antibodies are added, especially alemtuzumab and rituximab. However, the impact of these agents remains unclear, as there are hints of an increased ...

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a complication resulting from administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in assisted reproduction technology (ART) treatment. Most case are mild, but forms of moderate or severe OHSS appear in 3% to 8% of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles. Recently, the dopamine agonist cabergoline has been ...

Bone is the most common site of metastatic disease associated with breast cancer (BC). Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and novel targeted therapies such as denosumab, inhibit key pathways in the vicious cycle of bone metastases. To assess the effect of bisphosphonates on skeletal-related events (SREs), bone pain, quality of ...

Thalassemia is a hereditary anaemia due to ineffective erythropoiesis. In particular, people with thalassaemia major develop secondary iron overload resulting from regular red blood cell transfusion. Iron chelation therapy is needed to prevent long-term complications.Both deferoxamine and deferiprone have been found to be efficacious. However, a systematic review of the ...

Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is thought to be common among pregnant women. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy has been suggested as an intervention to protect against adverse gestational outcomes. To examine whether supplements with vitamin D alone or in combination with calcium or other vitamins and minerals given to ...

Gene therapy in the craniofacial region provides a unique tool for delivery of DNA to coordinate protein production in both time and space. The drive to bring this technology to the clinic is derived from the fact that more than 85% of the global population may at one time require ...

Background:  Search filters have been developed in MEDLINE and EMBASE to help overcome the challenges of searching electronic databases for information on adverse effects. However, little evaluation of their effectiveness has been carried out. Objectives:  To measure the sensitivity and precision of available adverse effects search filters in MEDLINE and ...

Background:  The relationship between health information seeking, patient engagement and health literacy is not well understood. This is especially true in medically underserved populations, which are often viewed as having limited access to health information. Objective:  To improve communication between an urban health centre and the community it serves, a ...

The aim of this study was evaluation the effect of Gallic acid on movement disorders and pallidal electrical power in animal model of Parkinson's Disease (PD). PD is clinically characterized by development of motor disturbances, such as bradykinesia, resting tremors, rigidity and a later loss ofpostural reflexes. Oxidative stress is ...