We present an experimental method to characterize multi-photon detectors with a small overall detection efficiency. We do this by separating the nonlinear action of the multiphoton detection event from linear losses in the detector. Such a characterization is a necessary step for quantum information protocols with single and multiphoton detectors ...

We experimentally investigate the fluorescence photon emission characteristics for single q-dots by using optical nanofibers. We demonstrate that single q-dots can be deposited along an optical nanofiber systematically and reproducibly with a precision of 5 μm. For single q-dots on an optical nanofiber, we measure the fluorescence photon numbers coupled ...

We report measurements of the fluorescence decay times of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots at the air-dielectric interface for several dielectrics with different refractive indices. The results are in agreement with a simple theory that accounts for the impact of the refractive index on the density of states and magnitude of ...

We have demonstrated a monolithic cladding-pumped ytterbium-doped single all-fiber laser oscillator generating 1 kW of CW signal power at 1080 nm with 71% slope efficiency and near diffraction-limited beam quality. Fiber components were highly integrated on "spliceless" passive fibers to promote laser efficiency and alleviate non-linear effects. The laser was ...

We design a plasmonic fiber waveguide (PFW) composed of coaxial cylindrical metal-dielectric multilayers in nanoscale, and constitute the corresponding dynamical equations describing the propagation modes in the PFW with the Kerr nonlinearity in the dielectric layers. The physics is connected to the discrete matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equations, from which the ...

A novel technique, designated dual imaging and modeling evaluation (DIME), for evaluating single-laser shot fluorescence lifetimes is presented. The technique is experimentally verified in a generic gas mixing experiment to provide a clear demonstration of the rapidness and sensitivity of the detector scheme. Single-laser shot fluorescence lifetimes of roughly 800 ...

The MSDD carrier phase estimation technique is derived here for optically coherent QPSK transmission, introducing the principle of operation while providing intuitive insight in terms of a multi-symbol extension of naïve delay-detection. We derive here for the first time Wiener-optimized and LMS-adapted versions of MSDD, introduce simplified hardware realizations, and ...

In this work we report on the characteristics of an electro-optical dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide ring resonator. By doping the dielectric host matrix with an electro-optical material and designing an appropriate set of planar electrodes, we measured a 16% relative change of transmission upon application of a controlled electric ...

Dynamic characteristics of air plasma generated by focused double collinear femtosecond laser pulses with a time interval of 10 ns are experimentally investigated. The air plasma emission changes significantly when altering the energy ratio between the two laser pulses. Time-resolved shadowgraphic measurements reveal that a small volume of transient vacuum ...

We present a novel approach for convenient tuning of the local refractive index around nanostructures. We apply this technique to study the influence of the local refractive index on the radiative decay time of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with three distinct emission wavelengths. The dependence of the luminescence decay time on ...

This paper proposes an integral volumetric imaging system that uses a coarse fly-eye lens and a fine fly-eye lens to show smooth and deep 3D image. Conventional integral volumetric imaging displays using a coarse fly-eye lens have suffered from low image quality due to distinct seam of lenses and moiré ...

The integration of nano structures with opto-electronic devices has many potential applications. It allows the coupling of more light into or out of the device while decreasing the size of the device itself. Such devices are reported in the VIS and NIR regions. However, making plasmonic structures for the UV ...

A practical measurement procedure for the determination of the complex refractive index of strongly absorbing liquids within a finite spectral range was developed. The method is based on separate measurements of reflectance and transmittance of the liquid sample, a property of dispersion and absorption, and exploitation of Fresnel's theory. The ...

Localization of single molecules in microscopy images is a key step in quantitative single particle data analysis. Among them, single molecule based super-resolution optical microscopy techniques require high localization accuracy as well as computation of large data sets in the order of 10⁵ single molecule detections to reconstruct a single ...

Optical parametric down-conversion (PDC) is a central tool in quantum optics experiments. The number of collected down-converted modes greatly affects the quality of the produced photon state. We use Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) number-resolving detectors in order to observe the photon-number distribution of a PDC source, and show its dependence on ...

We introduce a new optical vortex coronagraph(OVC) method to determine the angular distance between two sources when the separation is sub-Rayleigh. We have found a direct relationship between the position of the minima and the source angular separation. A priori knowledge about the location of the two sources is not ...

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the parameters governing the accuracy of correction in modal sensorless adaptive optics for microscopy. On the example of two-photon fluorescence imaging, we show that using a suitable number of measurements, precise correction can be obtained for up to 2 radians rms aberrations without optimising the ...

By deviating the nanodisk from the center in the silver nanocrescent/nanodisk structure, we find that the dipole, quadrupole and octupole modes can all induce very high local electric field enhancement (LFE, more than 750) for the coupling of nanocrescent and crescent gap modes, which makes the resonant wavelengths of the ...

We present a new multiple-tau correlation algorithm which is the fastest to date. The resulting curve is identical to that obtained with the conventional multiple-tau algorithm, but the calculation time is much shorter. It combines two approaches. For short values of the lag-time a very simple correlation histogram is used, ...

We have used injection locking to multiply the repetition rate of a passively mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser from 40 MHz to 1 GHz while preserving optical phase coherence between the master laser and the slave output. The system is implemented almost completely in fiber and incorporates gain and passive saturable ...

Recently, several theoretical papers have derived relationships for fiber-optic transmission system performance in terms of associated physical layer parameters. At the same time, a large number of detailed experiments have been and continue being performed that demonstrate increasing capacities and unregenerated reach. We use this wealth of experimental data to ...

Since free-space optical (FSO) systems are usually installed on high buildings and building sway may cause vibrations in the transmitted beam, an unsuitable alignment between transmitter and receiver together with fluctuations in the irradiance of the transmitted optical beam due to the atmospheric turbulence can severely degrade the performance of ...

The structure of a Q-modulated distributed feedback laser is designed and simulated. A large reflectivity modulation of the rear reflector is achieved by using an anti-resonant cavity formed by two deep trenches with the one between the modulator and phase section filled by a high index dielectric material. The travelling ...

We propose a novel photonic structure, based on the photonic crystal (PC) effect, which simulations show results in an improved fluorescence efficiency from embedded phosphor. To be specific, the phosphor pumping efficiency can be significantly improved by tuning the pump photon energy to a photonic band-edge (PBE) of the PC ...

In this paper, we present a signal processing approach to improve the resolution of a spectrometer with a fixed number of low-cost, non-ideal filters. We aim to show that the resolution can be improved beyond the limit set by the number of filters by exploiting the sparse nature of a ...

Bio-mechanism investigations demand single particle tracking with high spatial and temporal resolutions which require single fluorophore 3D localization measurements with matching precision and speed. Although the precision for lateral-localization measurements is well described by an analytical expression, for the axial direction, it is often obtained by repeating location measurements or ...

In vivo optical microscopic imaging techniques have recently emerged as important tools for the study of neurobiological development and pathophysiology. In particular, two-photon microscopy has proved to be a robust and highly flexible method for in vivo imaging in highly scattering tissue. However, two-photon imaging typically requires extrinsic dyes or ...

The objective of this work is to synthesize and investigate the anticancer activity of a new series of sulfaquinoxaline derivatives by incorporating biologically active moieties (thiourethane, thiazole, imidazole, imidazopyrimidine, imidazopyrimido-pyrimidine, thienopyrimidine, benzopyrimidinone, benzothiazole, thiazole and pyridine moieties). All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro anticancer activity against ...

To review the current literature on the outcomes of pharmaco-mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) for early thrombus removal in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). We searched the MEDLINE database and performed a manual search of the references of selected articles to select reports reporting the outcomes of PMT alone and PMT compared ...

To estimate the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) among HIV patients in a multiethnic South Asian population, describe the pattern of neurocognitive impairment in HAND and the factors associated with HAND. A cross-sectional survey of HIV-positive outpatients and inpatients. The sole referral centre for HIV/AIDS treatment in Singapore. Inclusion ...

In both men and women, age-related loss of sex steroid hormones has been linked to an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary female hormone estrogen, and the primary male hormone testosterone have numerous protective effects in the brain relevant to the prevention of AD such as the promotion ...

The possible role of the venous system in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases has been hypothesized for decades. Quite recently, the description of a venous condition defined as chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and its strong association with multiple sclerosis (MS) has brought back the attention of the scientific ...

Objective: The aims of this study are to evaluate the impact of frozen section in achieving adequate surgical margin and to study the accuracy of frozen section in detection of occult metastases. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of 877 patients with squamous cell ...

Postoperative atrial fibrillation is common after cardiac surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate the value of interatrial conduction time for the prediction of early postoperative atrial fibrillation, using intra-operative transoesophageal echocardiography. A total of 65 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in our hospital between January and March 2007 were ...

Governments, over much of the developed world, make significant financial transfers to parents with dependent children. For example, in the United States the recently introduced Child Tax Credit (CTC), which goes to almost all children, costs almost $1 billion each week, or about 0.4% of GNP. The United Kingdom has ...

This manuscript addresses six major issues involving deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and post-thrombotic syndrome. Prevention will likely see modest advances in pharmacological therapy, mainly by extending prophylaxis in high-risk patients. More notable advances will be observed in mechanical means of prophylaxis, focusing on sustained application of devices that can move ...

<span class="subtitle">Summary</span> <span class="subtitle">background</span> Routine outcome monitoring <span class="abbreviation">(rom</span>) can only improve the quality of mental health care if the therapist is prepared to accept <span class="abbreviation">rom</span>-feedback. However, most implementation procedures tend to focus on the organisation of the measurements rather than on the role of the therapist. <span class="subtitle">aim ...

To test, modify and validate a set of illustrations depicting different levels of asthma control and common asthma triggers in pediatric patients (and⁄or their parents) with chronic asthma who presented to the emergency department at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario. Semistructured interviews using guessability and translucency questionnaires ...

To find the relationship between axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements, using partial coherence interferometry (PCI) and A-scan ultrasonography (US). National Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Retrieving and comparing biometric data from the files of 163 consecutive patients seeking cataract extraction by PCI (IOLMaster) and US (Sonomed). AL ...

We use peer assessments as a tool to allocate joint profits in a real-effort team experiment. We find that using this incentive mechanism reduces team performance. More specifically, we show that teams composed of acquaintances rather than strangers actually underperform in a context of peer evaluations. We conjecture that peer ...

Endovascular reconstruction has become the standard treatment of chronic obstruction of large veins. Stenting is done with increasing frequency to treat iliac venous obstructions, with or without associated inferior vena caval or femoral vein occlusions. Open reconstruction with venous bypass is performed today in patients who fail attempts at venous ...

To determine the effect of specific resistance training on forearm pain and work disability in industrial technicians. Two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial of 20 weeks performed at two industrial production units in Copenhagen, Denmark. Working-age industrial technicians both with and without pain and disability. The training group (n=282) performed specific ...

A patient who develops hypotension or angina pectoris after intravenous inotropic agents should be assessed for dynamic left ventricular outflow obstruction or the presence of a muscular bridge. In this case report, we present a patient with low ejection fraction who developed hypotension and angina pectoris with inotropic therapy after ...

To present a novel scoring system for lower-extremity venous pathology (the LOVE score) and our experiences using it in our clinical practice to identify venous pathology with duplex ultrasound (DUS) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV). A total of 40 patients, 30 suspected of chronic venous disease and 10 with acute ...

Asbestos is an established human carcinogen. Asbestos-containing building materials (ACBM) are used in surfacing materials, thermal system insulation (TSI), and miscellaneous materials, and they have been used in buildings in Jamaica in the past. The objective of the study described here was to identify ACBM, its characteristics, and its determinants ...

The primary objective was to measure HIV incidence in two prospective cohorts of HIV-negative women. Secondary objectives included measuring pregnancy rates and participant retention rates. Cross-sectional HIV screening of women selected for higher risk behaviours, with a subsequent prospective study of uninfected women, followed monthly for up to 6 months. ...

Chronic venous obstructions have been treated by means of bypass surgery, until, in recent decades, it was surpassed by endovascular treatment options. Although techniques may differ, some issues should be universal. It is recommended that patients are treated under general anaesthesia. Secondly, obstructive lesions should be fully stented. Finally, self-expandable ...

<span class="subtitle">Summary</span> <span class="subtitle">background </span>Up till 2008 the Dutch mental health services came under the Dutch General Law on Special Medical Costs <span class="abbreviation">(awbz</span>). Health insurers regarded the mental health services as &lsquo;black box&rsquo;. In 2008 the mental health services were transferred to the basic health insurance system and the ...

Previous studies that have found an increased risk for tuberculosis (TB) in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been conducted in segments of the population and have not adjusted for important potential confounders. We sought to determine the RR for TB in the presence of DM in a national population ...

Standard economic models tend to be more specific about pecuniary payoffs than nonpecuniary payoffs to education. Based on the ideas of Akerlof and Kranton, we consider a model of career choice and identity where individuals derive nonpecuniary identity payoffs. Using factor analysis on a range of attitude questions, we find ...