Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 126-133 ABSTRACT: Despite appropriate antifungal treatment, the management of cryptococcal disease remains challenging, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals and solid organ transplant recipients. During the past two decades, our knowledge of host immune responses against Cryptococcus spp. has been greatly ...

The scope of this study was to estimate calibrated values for dietary data obtained by the Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents (FFQA) and illustrate the effect of this approach on food consumption data. The adolescents were assessed on two occasions, with an average interval of twelve months. In 2004, 393 ...

This study examined the determinants of support strategies and services provided by community-based breastfeeding counselors (CBBCs) and compared differences in extent of support provided by paid and volunteer counselors. Participants (N = 847) in this internet-based survey were mostly White/Caucasian (74.9%), college-educated (59.0%), and paid CBBCs (63.8%). The majority (75.9%) ...

This article reflects on the practices of existing food and nutrition education in the current context. Practices in public policy in food and nutrition are discussed starting from an analysis of government actions undertaken and their actions at the local level, particularly in outpatient clinical nutrition and/or attention to specific ...

To examine the relationship between maternal prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and early introduction of non-breast milk foods and fluids (EINB) in the first month of life, we investigated 592 adult women and their newborns, admitted at health care units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. EINB was defined as the ...

To report incidence rates of legal blindness from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other causes in Denmark from years 2000 to 2010 in the age group at risk of AMD aged 50 years and older. Population-based observational registry study. settings: Membership register of the Danish Association of the Blind, the ...

In the past, hereditary ovarian carcinoma was attributed almost entirely to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, with a much smaller contribution from mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Recently, three new ovarian cancer susceptibility genes have been identified: RAD51C, RAD51D, and BRIP1. In addition, germline mutations in women with ovarian ...

The scope of this study was to investigate the factors related to the use of dental services by Brazilian adults. Data were collected from 13,356 adults (35 to 44 years of age), participating in a nationwide epidemiological survey of oral health (SB-BRASIL 2003 Project). Data analysis was based on Poisson ...

Dandajena T. C., Ihnat M. A., Disch B., Thorpe J., Currier G. F. Hypoxia triggers a HIF-mediated differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells into osteoclasts. Orthod Craniofac Res 2012;15:1-9 © John Wiley & Sons A/S STRUCTURED ABSTRACT: Background -  The source and mechanisms leading to osteoclast (OC) generation during tooth movement ...

COVER IMAGE: The cover is based on a spinal cord histology section taken from a TNFR2(-/-) mouse adoptively transferred with TNFR2(-/-) Treg cells prior to immunization with MOG(35-55) to induce EAE. The section is stained with Luxol Fast blue to detect demyelination; Luxol Fast Red, which detects inflammatory infiltration, is ...

This article seeks to characterize the risks related to the use of pesticides in dairy production, in terms of legislation, health and perception of risk for workers involved in this activity. It is based on methodological articulation that included: a) systematic review of the reference literature on the research topic; ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool in the assessment of fetal anomalies. Although ultrasound remains the modality of choice for screening, MRI offers several advantages that permit optimal characterization of anomalies in certain situations. Accurate recognition and characterization of fetal anomalies guides decisions about pregnancy management and ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appears to occur slowly and progressively over many years, with both genetic factors and environmental modifiers contributing to its pathogenesis. Although the c-Jun/activator protein 1 transcriptional factor regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses, its role in lung pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we ...

The purpose of our study was to compare the effects of IV iohexol and iopamidol on renal function in outpatients undergoing CT. We performed a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of 389 adults with low risk for contrast-induced nephropathy, comparing IV iohexol with iopamidol (300 mg I/mL). Serum creatinine (SCr) ...

The provision of care causes stress in everyday family dynamics leading to physical, mental and emotional complications in caregivers and spouses' loss of liberty and/or overwork. Between March and November 2006, this anthropological research examined family caregiving in the context of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). By means of ethnographic ...

Trauma is the number one nonobstetric cause of maternal death. This chapter presents the latest consensus from the literature on the best approach to radiographic imaging of these patients. The central issues of discussion include the rationale and protocols for screening for pregnancy in trauma setting; the effects of radiation ...

Cerebral glucose metabolism was measured by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography in infants at different gestational ages and with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Thirty-six preterm and term infants at different gestational ages without brain injury were divided into four subgroups: ≤32 weeks (n = 4), 33-34 weeks (n = 5), 35-36 weeks (n = 12), ...

Inflammatory rheumatic diseases are common. It is estimated that ∼2.1% of the population has an inflammatory rheumatic disease (Andrianakos A, Trontzas P, Christoyannis F et al. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Greece: a cross-sectional population based epidemiological study. The ESORDIG Study. J Rheumatol 2003;30:1589-601). For diseases such as RA, PsA ...

Vitamin D is necessary for bone health and calcium metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in coronary artery disease, some cancers, autoimmune disease, and glucose tolerance. Vitamin D deficiency may be prevalent even among affluent US adults. We conducted a retrospective chart review study of 287 adult patients ...

To investigate the biomechanics of the anterior human corneal stroma using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM measurements were performed in liquid on the anterior stroma of human corneas, after gently removing the epithelium, using an atomic force microscope in the force spectroscopy mode. Rectangular silicon cantilevers with tip radius of ...

The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using internally cooled wet electrodes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). From March 2008 to October 2010, 122 patients with 129 HCCs (mean size, 2.2 ± 0.6 [SD] cm; range, 0.7-4 cm) were ...

: The fecal pancreatic elastase-1 (FE-1) test is considered a simple, noninvasive, indirect measure of pancreatic function. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the FE-1 test compared with the direct pancreatic function test (PFT) with secretin stimulation in children. : Data of 70 children (6 months-17 years of age) ...

Experimental and clinical studies suggest that endogenous melatonin plays an important role in pediatric sleep regulation. This finding led to the introduction of exogenous melatonin to treat sleep disturbances. Optimizing the treatment algorithm involves a review of melatonin measurements and interpretations in clinical practice. Diurnal patterns of salivary melatonin and ...

To evaluate time trends in the incidence and causes of new cases of blindness in Israel between 1999 and 2008. Descriptive, retrospective population-based study. During the decade of the study, 19 862 inhabitants of Israel were newly registered as legally blind. Data were retrieved from the 1999 to 2008 annual ...

Adnexal masses are often seen in the gravid patient. With current advances in technology, an increased number of adnexal masses are incidentally discovered on antenatal screening ultrasonography examinations. Sonography is the first-line imaging modality for any adnexal mass. However, further evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be critical for ...

Lissencephaly is a disorder of neuronal migration resulting in abnormal cerebral cortical sulcation and gyration. Affected children present with microcephaly, developmental delay, and early-onset epileptic seizures. Recently, de novo missense mutations in the tubulin α-1A (TUBA1A) gene were identified as causing a distinctive radiologic phenotype comprising of posteriorly predominant lissencephaly ...

Preclinical and clinical tomographic imaging systems increasingly are being utilized for non-invasive imaging of reporter gene products to reveal the distribution of molecular therapeutics within living subjects. Reporter gene and probe combinations can be employed to monitor vectors for gene, viral, and cell-based therapies. There are several reporter systems available; ...

Patients requiring discharge to a continuing care facility after cardiac surgery (non-home discharge) frequently have prolonged hospital stays while arrangements are made for posthospital care. We hypothesized that preoperatively identifying patients likely to require non-home discharge would allow earlier discharge planning, shorten length of stay, and thereby reduce resource use. ...

Farup, J, Kjølhede, T, Sørensen, H, Dalgas, U, Møller, AB, Vestergaard, PF, Ringgaard, S, Bojsen-Møller, J, and Vissing, K. Muscle morphological and strength adaptations to endurance vs. resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 398-407, 2012-Fascicle angle (FA) is suggested to increase as a result of fiber hypertrophy and furthermore ...

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that is characterised by progressive decline in visuospatial, visuoperceptual, literacy, and praxic skills. The progressive neurodegeneration affecting parietal, occipital, and occipitotemporal cortices that underlies PCA is attributable to Alzheimer's disease in most patients. However, alternative underlying causes, including dementia with Lewy bodies, ...

The role of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is to provide short-term monitoring of patients after surgery until recovery from anesthesia. The transfer of patients from the PACU to their designated units, however, may be delayed for various reasons. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the experiences of ...

Hyperekplexia is characterized by neonatal hypertonia and exaggerated startle reflex in response to loud noise or tactile stimuli. Mutations in patients with hyperekplexia were evident in several genes encoding proteins involved in glycinergic neurotransmission, i.e., glycine receptor α and β subunits, collybistin, gephyrin, and glycine transporter 2. We clinically and ...

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the utility of a tool in quantifying the peak antegrade velocity when assessing patients with cardiac valvular pathology. Directionally independent peak velocity evaluation (MaxVelocity, Siemens Healthcare) phase-contrast cardiac MRI was performed for 44 patients referred to our institution with a diagnosis or ...

Muchitsch A. P., Winsauer H., Wendl B., Pichelmayer M., Kuljuh E., Szalay A., Muchitsch M. Remodelling of the palatal dome following rapid maxillary expansion (RME): laser scan-quantifications during a low growth period. Orthod Craniofac Res 2012;15:30-38 © John Wiley & Sons A/S STRUCTURED ABSTRACT: Objectives -  To evaluate changes in the ...

The purposes of this study were to describe the spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings of pathologically proven hepatoportal sclerosis and to compare the features of advanced and nonadvanced hepatoportal sclerosis. Eighteen patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of hepatoportal sclerosis who had concurrent MRI or CT images participated in the study. ...

The cover is based on a spinal cord histology section taken from a TNFR2(-/-) mouse adoptively transferred with TNFR2(-/-) Treg cells prior to immunization with MOG(35-55) to induce EAE. The section is stained with Luxol Fast blue to detect demyelination; Luxol Fast Red, which detects inflammatory infiltration, is the counterstain. ...

Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a term that describes a first clinical episode with features suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). It usually occurs in young adults and affects optic nerves, the brainstem, or the spinal cord. Although patients usually recover from their presenting episode, CIS is often the first manifestation ...

Atrial fibrillation is an important risk factor for stroke. New drugs for oral anticoagulation that do not exhibit the limitations of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin are under investigation. These include direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin-inhibitors. Recent studies provide promising results for apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban, including higher ...

Vesterbacka M., Ringdén O., Remberger M., Huggare J., Dahllöf G. Disturbances in dental development and craniofacial growth in children treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Orthod Craniofac Res 2012;15:21-29 © John Wiley & Sons A/S STRUCTURED ABSTRACT: Objectives -  To investigate the correlation between age, degree of disturbances in dental development, ...

In previous years, it has been shown that human milk is a potential source of bacteria for the infant gut. The results of this work confirm the presence of the same specific bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Staphylococcus in breast milk and infant fecal samples. The identity of bacteria ...

The objective of our study was to show the importance of surgical excision after the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) based on needle core biopsy. Retrospective evaluation of all cases of LCIS diagnosed at needle core biopsy from 2000 to 2011 was performed; 60 patients with 64 diagnoses ...

The purpose of this study was to show the usefulness of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and to determine the optimal time window in MRI for differentiating between septic arthritis and transient synovitis in painful hip joints. Eighteen patients who underwent DCE-MRI were enrolled, and the final diagnoses were septic arthritis ...

Global data on human papillomavirus (HPV) serological and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) prevalence are essential to optimize HPV prophylactic vaccination strategies. We conducted a global review of age-specific HPV antibody and studies with both antibody and DNA prevalence for HPV-16, -18, -6, and -11. One hundred seventeen studies were included; participants' ...

Stroke incidence continues to rise exponentially with age even as temporal trends in some population risk factors increase and others decline. In general, older patients with stroke have worse outcomes compared to their younger counterparts. Stroke severity, concurrent medical problems, prestroke disability, and less-aggressive acute and chronic management are a ...

Infant Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is required. This study evaluates the composition of ORT prepared by Community Health Agents (CHAs) working in Basic Health Units, assessing their profile and knowledge about ORT. After the CHAs answer specific questions, ...

The purposes of this study were to assess chronologic changes in normal growth plate after radiofrequency-induced thermal injury and to evaluate the feasibility of MRI for revealing alteration of the growth plate. Radiofrequency ablation was performed on the right proximal tibia of 13 8-week-old New Zealand White rabbits. An 18-gauge ...

You received a call advising that Mr S. H. Irk was in the emergency room having considerable wound pain following an above-knee amputation you performed 6 months ago. You discharged him from your clinic 6 weeks postoperatively to his primary care physician, still complaining of more pain than usual. Your ...

This work reflects on the development of the field of Biosafety. The scope of this field is presented, as well as its complex themes and its interdisciplinary perspective. The scope of this field is to propose actions capable of preventing and controlling the risk of worsening human and environmental health. ...

The placenta functions to nourish and protect the fetus. Imaging of the placenta can have a profound impact on patient management, owing to the morbidity and mortality associated with various placental conditions. To fully appreciate placental pathology, its physiology, anatomy, and variant anatomy will be outlined. Placental conditions affecting the ...

Hashimoto encephalopathy is a rare, clinically heterogenous condition. Its treatment is based on corticosteroids. A previously normal 12-year-old boy was admitted to our pediatric emergency department with status epilepticus. He experienced a recurrence of status epilepticus after pentobarbital withdrawal, and required repeated resumptions of drug-induced coma. He manifested acute personality ...