Currently, licensed disease-modifying agents for multiple sclerosis (MS) all share the need for parenteral administration. Oral therapies would carry the advantage of convenience and greater acceptability. Teriflunomide is one of several oral agents currently undergoing Phase III investigation. This article describes the mode of action of teriflunomide which largely depends ...

Optic neuritis is an inflammation of one optic nerve, usually resulting in temporary loss of vision. It is frequently an early clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), meaning ophthalmologists are often the first healthcare professionals to detect MS. Numerous studies have shown a significant correlation between Optic neuritis and MS. ...

Recently, the introduction of RNA profiling using microarray technology has helped to elucidate gene expression changes in diseased tissue samples from postmortem human brains. Especially, in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) research, microarray-based RNA profiling has been applied in the hope to identify disease specific alterations. The lack of ...

Although the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) have become more formalized and sensitive in the era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, the assessment of individual relapses may not always be straightforward or easily linked to a particular lesion seen on imaging. In addition, acute episodes often have to ...

We describe a patient with recurrent brainstem symptoms and migraine-like headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a symptomatic hyperintense T2-weighted lesion in the middle cerebellar peduncle and the trigeminal nuclei and an asymptomatic periventricular lesion of Dawson finger shape. The findings were suspicious for a first demyelinating event, possibly representing ...

Over the last decade and a half, several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) including glatiramer actetate (GA; Copaxone[R]), interferon beta (IFNB)-1a (Avonex[R], Rebif[R]), IFNB-1 b (Betaferon[R]/Betaseron[R]), mitoxantrone (Novantrone[R]), and natalizumab (Tysabri[R]). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of each of these DMTs have demonstrated ...