The relationship between carnivorous pitcher plants (Family Sarraceniaceae) is not well understood. While a limited amount of such data are available for some pitcher plant species such as Sarracenia purpurea, very little is know about others such as S. minor. This study examined the relationship between the hooded pitcher plant ...

The endangered St. Francis Satyr (Neonympha mitchellii francisa) is a small sedentary butterfly and one of the rarest in North America. Our study examined various quantitative aspects of this butterfly's biology, including the distributional range, habitat associations, population size and trends, demographic parameters and spatial aspects of population structure. The ...

Electric "fences" were used along with hand removal to experimentally reduce rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) densities in a lake. The goals of this experiment were to determine the impacts of crayfish on three macrophytes species, Potamogeton amplifolius, P. richardsonii and Elodea canadensis and to assess the effectiveness of our electric ...

Pocket gophers have the potential to alter the dynamics of grasslands by creating mounds that bury existing vegetation and locally reset succession. Gopher mounds may provide safe sites for less competitive species, potentially increasing both species diversity and vegetation heterogeneity (spatial variation in species composition). We compared species composition, diversity ...

Open dune systems are being degraded through human development and exotic species invasions. The Grand Sable Dunes, Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, are protected from development but not from the spread of exotic species. The invasive exotic spotted knapweed, Centaurea biebersteinii, has invaded significant portions of this dune system. Areas ...